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- ItemSecurity Challenges and the Implementation of Ecowas Protocol on Free Movement of Persons and Goods between Nigeria and Niger Republic(2021-07-02)After many years of signing the Treaty I, establishing the ECOWAS as a regional body, the overall objective of promoting cooperation and integration remains consistently elusive. Article 27 of the ECOWAS Treaty affirms a long-term objective of establishing a Community citizenship that could be acquired automatically by all nationals of the member states. This reinforces the preamble to the treaty that outlined the key objective of removing obstacles to the free movement of goods, capital and people in the sub-region. This paper specifically identified the nature or manifestations of the security challenges in the implementation of ECOWAS protocol on free movement of persons and goods; it also examined the implications of the security challenges on the free movement of persons and goods along Nigeria and Niger Republic borders. Data for the paper were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. Interview was conducted with some border personnel and crossers along Ilella-Konni and Katsina-Jibiya borders. The article on ECOWAS protocol for free movement of persons and goods and documents from Niger-Nigeria Joint Commission of Cooperation as well as related articles were used as secondary source. The data were analysed thematically using content analysis. The paper revealed that banditry, insurgency (Boko Haram/ISWAP), trafficking, armed robbery and other related crimes affected the implementation of the protocol on free movement of goods along Nigeria and Niger Republic borders of Katsina-Jibiya and Ilella-Konni. These security challenges cause delay and harassment of crossers amidst rigorous screening exercise and in some instance, there were extortions of travellers/crossers by some border personnel. The study recommends among others the need for bilateral and multilateral security efforts, at the sub-regional and regional level to confront the
- ItemSecurity Challenges and the Implementation of Ecowas Protocol on Free Movement of Persons and Goods between Nigeria and Niger Republic(2021-07-02)After many years of signing the Treaty I, establishing the ECOWAS as a regional body, the overall objective of promoting cooperation and integration remains consistently elusive. Article 27 of the ECOWAS Treaty affirms a long-term objective of establishing a Community citizenship that could be acquired automatically by all nationals of the member states. This reinforces the preamble to the treaty that outlined the key objective of removing obstacles to the free movement of goods, capital and people in the sub-region. This paper specifically identified the nature or manifestations of the security challenges in the implementation of ECOWAS protocol on free movement of persons and goods; it also examined the implications of the security challenges on the free movement of persons and goods along Nigeria and Niger Republic borders. Data for the paper were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. Interview was conducted with some border personnel and crossers along Ilella-Konni and Katsina-Jibiya borders. The article on ECOWAS protocol for free movement of persons and goods and documents from Niger-Nigeria Joint Commission of Cooperation as well as related articles were used as secondary source. The data were analysed thematically using content analysis. The paper revealed that banditry, insurgency (Boko Haram/ISWAP), trafficking, armed robbery and other related crimes affected the implementation of the protocol on free movement of goods along Nigeria and Niger Republic borders of Katsina-Jibiya and Ilella-Konni. These security challenges cause delay and harassment of crossers amidst rigorous screening exercise and in some instance, there were extortions of travellers/crossers by some border personnel. The study recommends among others the need for bilateral and multilateral security efforts, at the sub-regional and regional level to confront the security challenges affecting the regional integration.
- ItemEFFECT OF KADAWA IRRIGATION PROJECT ON EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY AMONG FARMERS IN KURA AND GARUN-MALAM LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KANO STATE (2000-2015)(2020-10-02)This study examined the effect ofKadawa Irrigation Project on the creation of employment opportunities among beneficiaries in Kura and Garun-Malam Local Government Areas ofKano State from 2000- 2015. The study adopted survey research approach, where data was generated from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were sourced through the administration of questionnaires and conduct of interviews. Secondary data, on the other hand, were derived from reports and official documents. Ten Registered Farmers Associations (RFAs) was selected from 58 registered irrigation farmers in the study area. The RFAs have a population of 2000 members from which a sample of 322 was selected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. Regression analysis was employed to test the hypothesis. It was revealed that Kadawa Irrigation project has a significant effect on providing employment opportunities amongfarmers in Kura and Garun-Malam Local Government Areas of Kano State. It was recommended among other things that, HJRBDA should intensify its effort towards increasing the land coverage for irrigation by increasing to 22,000 hectares as was originally designed to cover, this will increase the opportunities for more employment to the youth. More so, credit schemes on agriculture provided by the current administration should be extended to irrigation farmers in the area to establish small, medium, and large processing and agrochemical industries in the area which is hoped to increase employment opportunities and the income levels of irrigation farmers
- ItemASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF 2014 CONTRIBUTORY PENSION SCHEME ON PENSIONERS' WELFARE IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY-ABUJA, NIGERIA (2014-2019)(2020-10-02)The Nigerian pension administration have from its inception been bedevilled with irregularities and untimely payment of retirement benefits coupled with poor retiree's welfare. In response to the myriad of problems and in line with its fundamental objective of ensuring the security and welfare of the people, the government took measures aimed at developing a system that would be more sustainable and have the capacity of providing a stable, predictable and adequate source of retirement income for all its participants in 2004 and later amended as the Pension Act of 2014. Despite these efforts, the living condition of pensioners has not improved due to untimely payment of retirement benefits. The study, therefore, examined the effect of 2014 Contributory Pension Scheme on pensioners' welfare in AMAC. Agency theory was used to underpin the work. The study employed the descriptive survey design and data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 50 respondents in AMAC, of which 48 were correctly filled and returned. Simple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. The results revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between timely payment of retirement benefits and pensioner's welfare in AMAC. Based on the findings, the study recommended that apart from adequate sensitization of retirees to keep them abreast with the modalities of the scheme, they should be encouraged to make additional voluntary contributions into their Retirement Savings Account (RSA).
- ItemPOLITICS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION CRUSADE IN NIGERIA: A FIRST TERM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIMES COMMSSION(2009)The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (E. F. C. C) evokes a canvass of rainbow perceptions among Nigerians: it means different things to different people. While to some it is the much-awaited and celebrated nemesis of scammers, fraudsters and corrupt public officials, to others it is a veritable tool for waging private wars against real and imagined enemies and political opponents of government. This paper is based on an empirical study of the performance of the E.F.C.C between 2003 (when it began operation) and 2006 (the end of its first term). The paper critically X-rays the philosophy, structure, functions and performance of the controversial corruption - busting body in the face of the varied opinions Nigerians hold about its activities.