SOCIAL SCIENCES

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    ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA
    (1974-07) Zayyad, Hamza
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    ADOPTION OF CONVERGENCE TECHNOLOGY FOR SPORTS JOURNALISM: A STUDY ON BRILA 88.9 FM
    (2017-05) OGWUCHE, PIUS OWOICHO
    This dissertation, study‟s the transformation taking place in the field of sports journalism due to convergence made possible by the emergence of digital plenitude with the following objectives: to find out the extent of convergence adoption by Brila 88.9 FM, to know the current devices of convergence available to Brila FM staff, to know the benefits convergence devices have on the working standards of Brila FM and to know the possible challenges faced by staff of Brila FM in using modern devices for their sport reporting and programmes. Convergence theory and diffusion of innovation theory were adopted to serve as a framework for the study. Using a mixed research method, in-depth interview, observation checklist and questionnaire were the instruments used for data collection. The in-depth interviews were conducted with the heads of stations at Brila FM Abuja headquarter and Brila FM Kaduna station. The study found out that Brila FM have adopted convergence in its work because almost all the activities done or carried out at Brila FM in one way or the other involves the use of convergence technology. The study also revealed that, there has been provision of latest convergence facilities at Brila FM as staff derive benefits from using convergence technologies for their work, some benefits include quick download of sports stories from any sports website around the world. The engineering department at Brila FM also derives benefits from convergence as it uses ICTs to link up with its partners and affiliate station Sky Sports Radio United Kingdom (UK). The study also revealed that staff faced challenges in utilizing convergence devices at the station. The study recommended that, Brila FM should put more efforts in staff training, organizing seminars and workshops to enlighten and update the knowledge of their staff on the latest ICTs used for sports broadcast. Also, it should put more emphasis on servicing their devices other than purchasing new ones always and there should be speedy integration of ICT devices when purchased. Journalists working for Brila FM should not wait for the management to send them for IT training; they can enroll for IT training on their own.
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    AFRICAN AND NIGERIAN FOREIGN POLICY:- A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF NIGERIA'S ROLE IN THE ERADICATION OF COLONIALISM AND APARTHEID FROM THE CONTINENT
    (2000-03) EMMANUEL, Benedict Idu
    Many Foreign Policy scholars have written extensively on Nigeria's foreign policy especially as regards its role in the international community. But basically the objectives of Nigeria's foreign policy has the desire of making Africa the cornerstone of these objectives. This study is therefore an attempt to look at the contribution of Nigeria's foreign policy with regards to the eradication of colonialism and apartheid from the continent. The eradication of colonialism and apartheid and ultimately independence of African States has always been emphasized as the objective of Nigeria's foreign policy. This research work attempts to bring out the shortcomings and failures of Nigeria to eradicate the twin evil of colonialism and apartheid from the continent when these efforts conflict with the nations national interest. The study is divided into five chapters namely introduction, bedrock of the foreign policy of African States, efforts at eradication of colonialism and apartheid by Governments in Nigeria, contradictions and then conclusion.Even though African States and indeed Nigeria have similar problems and their wish to fight these problems by fashioning out Afrocentric foreign policy. Nigeria had from independence championed this cause and did everything with her means to nip these evils in the bud. In trying to achieve these desires however, Nigerian leaders have wavered along the lines of concrete actions and sometimes allowed themselves to be used or dictated to by Western imperialists
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    THE AFRICAN NOVEL AS A POLITICAL MANIFESTO
    (1997-06) Hassan Adamu, Sa'idu
    Our proposition is that literature is all about politics and literary writers, like all other artists, are partisans who try to persuade their audiences to take sides with them in maintaining or changing power relations in line with, and on behalf of, the interests of certain classes in the society. In this sense, the African novel, as represented by selected writings of Chinua Achebe and Ngugi wa Thiong'O, can be regarded as a powerful and effective medium for the dessimination of political manifestos which condition people to act in defence of, or in opposition to, certain forms of the distribution of power in the society. Our findings indicate that Chinua Achebe and Ngugi wa Thiong'O present in their novels two contrasting, but partisan, manifestos. Achebe's political manifesto is a bourgeois-nationalist and reformist one, which insists that it is possible to have in Nigeria (and, implicitly, the rest of Africa) an efficient, working, capitalist system which could provide for all and take the country to greatness, so long as it is led by a well-educated, decent and responsible elite. Our analyses, however, indicate that Achebe's political platform is untenable because it fails to address the contradictions in the social relations of production, exchange and distribution which are at the roots of the country's problems of exploitation, domination and underdevelopment. Ngugi, on the other hand, presents in his novels a more persuasive and powerfully argued proletarian manifesto which indicates that the neocolonial capitalist system of exploitation and domination in Africa is diseased and dying, and the neo-colonial ruling classes presently in charge are not only incapable of creativity and industry, they cannot visualise any future for their countries and peoples beyond their own stomachs and pockets. The way forward to a free, just, productive and creative Africa is, therefore, according to Ngugi, through the organised struggle of workers and other oppressed classes to overthrow neocolonialism and the system of imperialist exploitation and domination which it represents. Our findings thus demonstrate that the African novel is a rich data source which can usefully complement the African political scientist's conventional data sources as well as contribute new information and correct biases in existing knowledge.
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    THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND THE INFLATIONARY PRESSURE IN NIGERIA, 1960-1989
    (1991-10) OKUNRINTEMI, James Shogo
    The inflationary process which with much persistence and severity has been afflicting most countries of the world, the Third World countries especially, has generated lively controversy about its genesis and solutions. There are differing opinions among economists about the causes of inflation. Gome economists emphasize the demand-side of the goods factor and asset markets and some the supply side. Still, some others stress the combinations of the two - the so-called mixed inflation. This thesis looked at the causes of inflation from the supply side by employing the structuralist approach. There are different explanations of structural inflation. . Gome economists stress the lagging growth of agricultural sector, others stress the wide flunctuations in the export receipts of primary producers. In this thesis, we hove employed the method of critical descriptive analysis of observable reality in order to show the extent to which agricultural supply shortages contributed to the inflationary pressure in Nigeria. We have thus demonstrated that the inflationary process in ITigeria has its genesis in structural rigidities of the economy especially lagging growth of agricultural sector. This thesis has also revealed that since the authorities in Nigeria have always picked on monetary factor for the control of inflation (demand - management strategy) which had always been abortive, efforts should henceforth be at vii maintaining near to equilibrium supply and demand via the expansion of productive capacity of the economy. In this regard, we have shown that special attention should be laid on domestic production or of consumers goods.
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    AGRICULTURAL TAXATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPLENT IN NIGERIA
    (1976-09) JOHN, BOLARINWA LONGE
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    AGRICULTURAL TRADE INTENSITY AND FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA
    (2017-01) YAKUBU , Muhammad Mustapha
    The divergence between agricultural trade intensity (ATI) and food security in Nigeria suggests that the linkage is ambiguous. Illustratively, the degree of openness in the agriculture sector increased from 9% in 1981-1985 period to 12% in 2011-2015 while a 25% reduction in per capita daily dietary energy supply was observed during the same period. This crucial nexus in Nigeria has received very little empirical attention with existing studies being limited in terms of scope of food security and methodology employed. Therefore, this studyexamined the impact of ATI on the three dimensions of food security (availability, access and utilization)using separate models that were estimated using annual time series data for the period 1981 to 2015. Sequel to establishing that the data were a mixture of I(0) and I(1), the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged bound testing approach to cointegration was used to investigate the existence and nature of the long-run and short-run relationships. The error correction model-causality framework was employed to further investigate the extent and direction of causation between ATI and food security. The study finds that ATI has a negative and significantimpact on the three dimensions of food security in the long run;suggesting a worsening of the food insecurity situation in Nigeria over the long term. However, the positive impact of ATIon food security in the short run is not sustainable as it is offset by the negative and significant impact in the long term but provides impetus for making contemporaneous adjustments. The study concludesthat Nigeria has unduly relied on agricultural trade and failed to appreciate the multi-dimensional and general-equilibrium nature of food security, thereby leaving the country food insecure.Accordingly,the study recommends an overhaul of the entire Sustainable Food System (SFS)in terms ofsustainable food production, processing and storage; infrastructure, institutions and processes in a bid to enhance food security in Nigeria.
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    THE ALMA-ATA DECLARATION AND THE NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN ZARIA. NIGERIA
    (1997-07) ALIYU, Zakari Yusufu
    Abstract The Alma-Ata convention of 1978 on primary health marks a water shed in the development of health care system world-wide. It established international standards meant to be observed and enforced by all member countries that were a party to its ratification. The Federal Repubbc of Nigeria was a member state in the draft of the convention. By adopting the primary health care approach, the government of Nigeria agreed by implication that it has a responsibility for the health of all the its people which shall be fulfilled by the provision of adequately available, accessible and acceptable health and social services. The citizens shall also have the right and duty to participate individually .and collectively in the planning and implementation of these services. Ten years after the establishment of the National health policy in 1987, a sequel of the Alma- Ata convention, this study reviewed the various decision making process involved in policy formulation and implementation of the National health policy. The study also reviewed the success and impact of the health policy on the health care delivery system in Nigeria. The elite theory was employed as the conceptual framework The effect of economic changes of the period between 1987 and 1997 notably the Structural Adjustment Program on health care delivery system in the country was also examined. Merc the SAP was noted to have significantly retarded and diversified the development of health sector. Its effect was wide spread involving both human capital and material resources. In a case study, this project utilised a quasi experimental research design (questionnaire method, and sample size of two hundred and fifty) to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of women between the ages of fifteen and forty five on reproductive health issues like early marriage, use of contraception, abortion and some negative cultural practices notably post partum hot bath and consumption of potash. The findings were rather disappointing- with over 75% of the respondents still having a lot of misconceptions and actually employ negative health practices in their daily lives. The success of the national policy in educating these women was thus established to be far from expected. The study ended by making broad policy recommendations, which could lead to better educate the policy makers, health professionals and the intended target group. It would also bring about greater equity in resource allocation and indeed extend social services including health, a fundamental human requirement to all Nigerians irrespective of their social class!
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    ALMAJIRCI (TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC SCHOLARSHIP)AND POLITICAL THUGGERY IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF BAUCHI STATE, 2007-2015
    (2017-01) MUSA, Umar Adam
    Political thuggery is one of the banes of developing democracies world-wide, especially in Africa. Politicians form and arm youth gangs to facilitate conflicts before, during, and after elections. In Bauchi State, a youth gang known as Sarasuka (the cut and stab gang) is the major instrument of political thuggery. Almajirai (pupils of traditional Qur‟anic schooling system), because of the deterioration of the schooling system over the years, were alleged to be the gang‟s major source of recruitment. Through the lens of relative deprivation theory, this exploratory study examined the involvement or otherwise of almajirai in political thuggery in the State between 2007 and 2015. Using a qualitative research approach, the study utilized an in-depth interview and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with stakeholders. The views of both the almajirai and the political thugs were obtained through twelve (12) FGDs across six most representative Local Government Areas in the State. Whereas, thirtyfive (35) in-depth interviews with other stakeholders were conducted. The data generated were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Findings revealed that without any significant variation in the perception of stakeholders, there was a very weak level of involvement of almajirai in political thuggery in Bauchi State (2007-2015). Reform of the Nigeria educational sector, both the conventional and the traditional Almajiri systems; committed poverty alleviation, enforcement of law and order, were among the recommendations offered.
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    ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF CRUDE OIL PRICE VOLATILITY ON MONETARY POLICY IN NIGERIA
    (2012-11) CELESTINA, GLORY OFUJE OKOMAYIN
    The study analyzed the impact of crude oil price volatility on monetary policy in Nigeria for the period 1980:1 to 2010:4. The study was undertaken with two main objectives. The first objective was to estimate the extent of crude oil price volatility. And secondly, to analyze the impact of crude oil price volatility on monetary policy in Nigeria. The study used quarterly secondary data and ARCH and GARCH method to analyze the data. The results of the study shows that crude oil prices are volatile and that crude oil price volatility have significant negative impact on monetary policy, net foreign assets and crude oil export in Nigeria. However, the impact of crude oil price volatility on crude oil import was insignificantly negative. The sum of ARCH and GARCH coefficients in the money supply, net foreign asset, and crude oil export models showed that volatility is persistent (i.e. the error terms have infinite variance) while it was not persistent in the crude oil import model. This suggests that crude oil price volatility has been part of the reasons for the distortions or instability in monetary policy, net foreign asset, and crude oil export in Nigeria. Furthermore, there is ample evidence that real output, inflation and interest rates exerted significant impact on monetary policy in Nigeria. Therefore, the current surge in crude oil prices has the potentials of affecting monetary policy performance in Nigeria.
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    ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL COMMUNICATION FOR IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
    (2016-02) SALAMI, Oluwatoyin Shakirat
    This study analyzed Agricultural Communication for Improving Productivity among Rural Farmers in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The research problem was the persistent low agricultural productivity in Nigeria, as a result of lack of access to adequate agricultural information by the rural farmers to their improve productivity. It looked at the Communication methods being used by the Ogun State xiii Agricultural Development Programme (OGADEP) to pass relevant Agricultural Information to its rural farmers, to improve Productivity. It also examined how farmers access Agricultural Information, and the challenges being faced by OGADEP and the farmers, in passing, as well as, receiving the information respectively. Four research questions were generated for the study. In collecting data, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Survey research and structured interviews were adopted. The population of the study was in three categories; rural farmers in Odeda, extension agents in the area and the OGADEP information officer in the State: 3,155, five (5), and one (1) respectively. Three Hundred and Fifteen (315) rural farmers in this local government, five Extension Agents, covering the areas under the LGA and the OGADEP Information Officer formed the population of the study. It adopted stratified sampling under the probability sampling method. Data were collected through both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires and face-to-face interview were used to collect primary data for the study. The findings revealed that Extension Agents (EAs), and the Mass Media, are the main Methods being used by OGADEP in passing Agricultural Information to the rural farmers. Findings also showed that the Mass Media and the EAs were the major sources of Agricultural Information for the farmers. The result also revealed the various challenges being encountered in passing and accessing information by the EAs and the farmers respectively and their suggested solutions. Also, the farmers preferred getting their information from sources, with immediate feedback. The Study recommended that there should be improved communication as a means of ensuring farmers get access to Agricultural Information
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    ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL COMMUNICATION FOR IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
    (2016-02) SALAMI, Oluwatoyin Shakirat
    This study analyzed Agricultural Communication for Improving Productivity among Rural Farmers in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The research problem was the persistent low agricultural productivity in Nigeria, as a result of lack of access to adequate agricultural information by the rural farmers to their improve productivity. It looked at the Communication methods being used by the Ogun State Agricultural Development Programme (OGADEP) to pass relevant Agricultural Information to its rural farmers, to improve Productivity. It also examined how farmers access Agricultural Information, and the challenges being faced by OGADEP and the farmers, in passing, as well as, receiving the information respectively. Four research questions were generated for the study. In collecting data, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Survey research and structured interviews were adopted. The population of the study was in three categories; rural farmers in Odeda, extension agents in the area and the OGADEP information officer in the State: 3,155, five (5), and one (1) respectively. Three Hundred and Fifteen (315) rural farmers in this local government, five Extension Agents, covering the areas under the LGA and the OGADEP Information Officer formed the population of the study. It adopted stratified sampling under the probability sampling method. Data were collected through both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires and face-to-face interview were used to collect primary data for the study. The findings revealed that Extension Agents (EAs), and the Mass Media, are the main Methods being used by OGADEP in passing Agricultural Information to the rural farmers. Findings also showed that the Mass Media and the EAs were the major sources of Agricultural Information for the farmers. The result also revealed the various challenges being encountered in passing and accessing information by the EAs and the farmers respectively and their suggested solutions. Also, the farmers preferred getting their information from sources, with immediate feedback. The Study recommended that there should be improved communication as a means of ensuring farmers get access to Agricultural Information.
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    ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS COMPETITIVENESS IN MANUFACTURING, FOOD AND BEVERAGES, AND ADVERTISING BUSINESSES IN KADUNA METROPOLIS AND ZARIA AREA
    (2015-01) BOLAJI, Eunice Kehinde
    This study evaluated business competitiveness in selected businesses in Kaduna metropolis and Zaria area using the Probit and Tobit regression models, and Pearson Minimum Chi-square. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 40 businesses each from Manufacturing industry, Food and Beverage industry, and Advertising industry located in Kaduna metropolis and Zaria area. The results of the Probit regression model showed that the selected businesses are not competitive in terms of profit maximization, sustained growth rate in profit, quality of products/services, cost of production, growing market share, innovation and technology, pricing policy, and new product development (R&D). The Tobit regression results revealed that unavailability of electricity, weak operating environment, and inefficiency in production, low rate of technological change and application, poor quality of labor employed and poor pricing policy decreased competitiveness in the selected businesses. The Chi-square tests of the Probit and Tobit regression results showed that only profit growth rate, new product development (R&D) and out sourcing of raw materials are marginally indicative of competitiveness in Manufacturing in Kaduna metropolis. Also, only the out sourcing of raw materials variable was indicative of competitiveness in Food and Beverages in Zaria area. This study concluded that the selected businesses have been unable to meet the goals of efficiency in production, growing market share, high quality of products/services, falling cost of production, growing market share, and new product development and therefore, not competitive. The study recommends a synergy of efforts by the government at all levels and the private sector to fast-track completion of on-going Integrated Power Projects (IPP), fix and upgrade existing electricity power facilities in Nigeria in order to increase the amount of electricity generated to significantly drive down business costs. Also, it is recommended that Nigerian businesses should adopt the rapid response approach in the application of modern technology and innovation in order to improve on the quality of their products and services, and compete favorably with imported products and services.
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    ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS AND IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON NIGERIAN ECONOMY (1981-2013).
    (2016-03) ANAZA, Isezuo Adinoyi
    This work investigates the determinants and impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Nigerian economy. FDI has become a debatable and topical issue across the globe because of its key role in bridging the savings gap in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Theoretical argument that savings translate to investment is well documented in literature. Two fundamental issues concerning the potential importance of FDI in LDCs development process has remain unresolved. Firstly, does FDI really contribute to attainment of economic growth in host country as argued by the proponents of the modernization theory? Secondly, as the dependency theorists assert that FDI, although may spur short term economic growth, will generate and accelerate internal distortions that will it ultimately depress or even retard the host country’s economic growth? Based on these arguments, the study investigated the determinants and impact of foreign direct investment on Nigerian economy by analyzing in addition the composition and trend of FDI inflow to Nigeria from 1981 to 2013. Using the dual gap and Solow growth models as theoretical framework, the quantile regression analysis was used to examine the behavior of the variables of interest; such as fiscal deficit, openness, investment in infrastructure, net foreign indebtedness and external reserve. From the result, using the two models; all the variables were statistically significant at upper quantiles which implies that high GDP motivates inflow of FDI to Nigeria at different levels (1%, 5% and 10%) except external reserve which is not statistically significant in q95 with coefficient value of 2.530. In addition, on the impact of FDI, the result revealed that FDI is not statistically significant in q5, q25,and q50 with coefficient values of 2.0351, 1.3403 and -0.9472 respectively. The result in the last two quantiles (q75 and q95) shows that FDI is statistically significant with coefficient values of -1.1307 and -8.0836 at 5% level of significance. Finally, it was found that FDI inflows are mainly in the mining and manufacturing sectors as shown by the composition and trend analysis, others sectors such as agriculture, building and constructions are yet to benefit from the FDI inflows significantly. Based on these key findings, it is therefore recommended that government should relax pre-investment laws and implement tax concession policy so as to attract FDI to these sectors
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    ANALYSIS OF GENDER DIFFERENTIALS IN CAREER ADVANCEMENT OF STAFF IN AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
    (2017-11) PAUL, Daniel Ka’amani
    This study analysed gender differentials in career advancement of staff in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The objectives were to examine the nature ofgender differentials in career advancement of staff in ABU, Zaria, factors that influencesgender differentials in career advancement of staff, effects of the factors and possible ways to enhance gender equity in career advancement of staff in ABU, Zaria. Relevant literatures were reviewed in line with the study objectives and the role congruity theory of prejudice was adopted to explain the phenomenon studied. The study was conducted in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and both the primary and secondary sources of data were used for the study. Also, simple random sampling, stratified and purposive sampling techniques were adopted to select the sample for the study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the process of data collection i.e. questionnaire and in-depth interview. A total of 317 respondents were drawn across five (5) selected faculties in ABU namely; faculty of Agriculture, Arts, Law, Sciences and Medicine.The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) from which simple descriptive statistics, cross tabulation and regression analysis wereused. Based on the research conducted, the study found thatthere are more men than women with higher educational qualification. Women‟smonthly income was found to be substantially lower than the men and there were fewer women in the senior academic cadre and more in the non-teaching profession.Overwhelming majority of all the postsi.e. Head of department, Dean, Assistant Dean, Faculty officer, PG Coordinator, Exam Officer etc. in the various departments and faculties were occupied by men. Both men and women were discovered to be treated equally in the area of promotion, opportunity to further education and sponsorship and work leave but women were found to be treated less favourably in the area of recruitment and appointment into managerial positions. The study discovered that factors such as sexual discrimination, family and work conflict, bias in selection and appointment to managerial position, cultural and religious factors have more direct impact on career advancement of staff and factors such as limited optimal movement and representation up the organisational hierarchy, persistent low income and limited opportunities to present ones ideas, decision and initiatives have more direct effects on the affected staff. However, female staff were found to be most affected. It is therefore recommended that equal opportunities should be given to staff during recruitment and appointment to managerial positions irrespective of their sex by setting up a gender diversity action plan and a body to coordinate and monitor the implementation. The university management should set up conscious, deliberate and definite policy of affirmative action and quota system to address the subtle unintentional forms of discriminations and exclusion of women on the job and there should be advocacy by government and Non-Governmental Organizations in sensitizing the people to understand that both men and women are partners in the developmental process and this can be achieved by integrating all the educational levels (primary, secondary and tertiary) on the need to promote gender equity.
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    ANALYSIS OF GENDER DIFFERENTIALS IN CAREER ADVANCEMENT OF STAFF IN AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
    (2017-11) PAUL, Daniel Ka’amani
    ABSTRACT This study analysed gender differentials in career advancement of staff in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The objectives were to examine the nature ofgender differentials in career advancement of staff in ABU, Zaria, factors that influencesgender differentials in career advancement of staff, effects of the factors and possible ways to enhance gender equity in career advancement of staff in ABU, Zaria. Relevant literatures were reviewed in line with the study objectives and the role congruity theory of prejudice was adopted to explain the phenomenon studied. The study was conducted in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and both the primary and secondary sources of data were used for the study. Also, simple random sampling, stratified and purposive sampling techniques were adopted to select the sample for the study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the process of data collection i.e. questionnaire and in-depth interview. A total of 317 respondents were drawn across five (5) selected faculties in ABU namely; faculty of Agriculture, Arts, Law, Sciences and Medicine.The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) from which simple descriptive statistics, cross tabulation and regression analysis wereused. Based on the research conducted, the study found thatthere are more men than women with higher educational qualification. Women‟smonthly income was found to be substantially lower than the men and there were fewer women in the senior academic cadre and more in the non-teaching profession.Overwhelming majority of all the postsi.e. Head of department, Dean, Assistant Dean, Faculty officer, PG Coordinator, Exam Officer etc. in the various departments and faculties were occupied by men. Both men and women were discovered to be treated equally in the area of promotion, opportunity to further education and sponsorship and work leave but women were found to be treated less favourably in the area of recruitment and appointment into managerial positions. The study discovered that factors such as sexual discrimination, family and work conflict, bias in selection and appointment to managerial position, cultural and religious factors have more direct impact on career advancement of staff and factors such as limited optimal movement and representation up the organisational hierarchy, persistent low income and limited opportunities to present ones ideas, decision and initiatives have more direct effects on the affected staff. However, female staff were found to be most affected. It is therefore recommended that equal opportunities should be given to staff during recruitment and appointment to managerial positions irrespective of their sex by setting up a gender diversity action plan and a body to coordinate and monitor the implementation. The university management should set up conscious, deliberate and definite policy of affirmative action and quota system to address the subtle unintentional forms of discriminations and exclusion of women on the job and there should be advocacy by government and Non-Governmental Organizations in sensitizing the people to understand that both men and women are partners in the developmental process and this can be achieved by integrating all the educational levels (primary, secondary and tertiary) on the need to promote gender equity
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    ANALYSIS OF READERS’ COMMENTS ON BUHARI’S ELECTION ON VANGUARD NEWSPAPER WEBSITE
    (2017-07) SAMBO, Sumner Shagari
    This study analysed comments posted by readers on Vanguard newspaper website relating to news reports of President Muhammadu Buhari‘s election victory and whether such comments are positive, neutral or negative. It also examined if readers used appropriately or abused the comments section of Vanguard newspaper website as provided to serve as a feedback mechanism between the news medium and the public. The study was guided by research questions which bothered on what the connotations expressed by readers indicate about their understanding of news reports on the election of Buhari in relation to the way they used the comments section of Vanguard newspaper website. The reception theory was used to explain how readers receive media reports and how such content of the reports make them to post positive, neutral or negative comments on any media content related to Buhari‘s election based on individual differences and preferences. The theory is concerned with the effect a text has on its readers and how such readers behave after assessing its content. The research method used in this study is content analysis and the duration of the research is from March to June, 2015. The population consisted of 1,135 reports published in 122 online editions of Vanguard newspaper between March to June, 2015. The study used simple random sampling method to select 20% of the population; this resulted to 227 news stories which were coded under the following units of analysis: straight news, feature article, column, opinion and editorial. Also, various content categories were derived and analysed by four coders using established criteria, including the four most frequently used keywords and phrases used by readers to describe Muhammadu Buhari which were purposively sampled from the 14,934 comments attached to the 227 news stories. The collated data was quantitatively and qualitatively presented and analysed using tables. The findings of the study indicate the following: that majority of the comments, keywords and phrases posted by readers on news reports related to Muhammadu Buhari on Vanguard website had negative connotations. This suggests that the comments section is misused as a feedback platform; the comments section was dominated by readers who did not react to issues in the news as presented but used the platform for their own motives regardless of whether or not their comments will cause division or even scare away other readers from the website; the level of tolerance among readers of Vanguard newspaper website is extremely low especially considering Nigeria‘s multi-ethnic/religious society and if left un-moderated, commenters on newspaper websites like this can resort to use of injurious words and phrases that could spark crises in the country; and that despite its abuses, the comments section of newspaper websites remains a veritable tool for free speech, feedback, sharing of ideas, posting eyewitness pictures or videos and providing more facts on news items. Therefore, the study recommended that despite the poor finances of most media outfits in Nigeria, Vanguard and other newspaper websites should consider the use of moderators that should review comments, not in a censorship format, before they are posted on their platforms or else they risk losing readers and potential visitors thereby affecting their online traffic and advertisements. Such moderators should edit comments that do not promote national unity or morality by prohibiting the posting of comments with abusive, ethno-religious, pornographic or foul language by readers.