ENGINEERING

Permanent URI for this collection

https://kubanni.abu.edu.ng/handle/123456789/24

Browse

Browsing ENGINEERING by Issue Date

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 20 of 765
  • Item
    THE HYDROLOGY OF SAMARU DAM CATCHMENT BASIN
    (1968-10) ANDREW, OLUFEMI OMOLOKUN
    The hydrological characteristics of this small catchment basin which is essentially an agricultural land are described and the available climatic data examined. One of the methods by which climatic picture may be created is by the averages of the several climatic elements particularly thost. on precipitation and temperature. This picture is presented in the form of histograms. The analysis of the characteristics, origin and distribution of the important elements which comprise the climatic complex are presented. During the rainy season the catchment basin is vegetative providing protection from the impact of rainfall for the soil. The soil cover and land use studies show that they are essential factors in analysing the hydrological components. Owing to the present system of land use, the observed surface runoff is low though the runoff potential on the basin is high. Determination of the changes in ground water storage was accomplisaed from an adequate knowledge of the behaviour of the water-table in the basin. The dry and wet season contour maps prepared provide direct visual information relating to the slope of the water-table. Depth to dry season water table can be estimated at any point on the oatchment basin using a simple formula evolved. It is only during the dry season that the entire population of Bomo village appreciate fully the ground water resources for their needs. In solving the equation of the hydrologic equilibrium, advantage was taken of the basin' s ground water and climatic characteristics
  • Item
  • Item
    IRRIGATION WATER FROM SMALL SCALE EXCAVATIONS IN A DRY RIVER BED
    (1970-02) OMOLOKUN, A.O.
    Northern Nigeria has a wide range of rainfall conditions, varying from an average annual rainfall of 60 inches in the southern-most parts to 15 inches in the extreme north. In all cases precipitation occurs during only limited portions of the year and during the dry season, crop cultivation is virtually at a standstill. Owing to the ever-present problem of a shortage of water in most of the rivers in Northern Nigeria and the increasing demand for food and fibre, it is essential to tap the groundwater supplies as this is the largest available source of fresh water on earth. The object of this study is to determine (i) the existence and extent of groundwater inaa river basin, (ii) the theoretical and practical yield of shallow wells situated in a dry river bed, (iii) the effective method of retaining banks in such wells (iv) the suitability of the water and land for irrigation practices, (v) reliable and inexpensive methods of raising the water for irrigation purposes, and (vi) whether such a project is economically desirable. The area chosen for the study is the Kubanni River Basin which lies almost in the centre of the Loess Plain soils- Map I. The Loess Plain soils are reputed to be very excellent agricultural land as they are formed by infilling of fine eaolian drift on a sedentary iron pan peneplain. The whole of Zaria Province, southern parts of Katsina, Kano and smaller areas adjoining Sokoto and Niger are areas in this soil unit. The results of this study may be reliably used in those areas mentioned above and all other similar areas in Nigeria without the necessity of having to make expensive trials. The methods of measurement and analysis are discussed in the text. It is shown that for irrigation purposes the quality of water from the shallow excavation in the river bed, rather than the quality, proves the limiting factor.
  • Item
  • Item
    "A METHOD OF INFILTRATION MEASUREMENT IN THE SOIL"
    (1970-07) OLAIYA, RAMONU ALAO
    The primary objective of this research was to develop and evaluate an acceptable instrument for field measurement of infiltration. Many situations arise in civil engineering, irrigation and hydrology where it is desirable to evaluate infiltration of water into the soil under either ponded or rainfall conditions. An example is in the prediction of the rate of surface runoff. During a given storm rainfall intensities in excess of infiltration rates give rise to surface runoff. Since a large percentage of the rainfall infiltrates into the soil, the accuracy with which the surface runoff can be predicted is therefore dependent on the evaluation of infiltration. Infiltration is the movement of water through the soil surface and into the soil and is distinguished from percolation, which is the movement of water through the soil profile. It is the source of soil moisture needed to sustain the growth of vegetation and of the groundwater supplies of wells, springs, and streams. Through infiltration the soil surface divides rainfall into overland flow, and soil moisture and groundwater. Some of the sources of water are: rain, dew, frost and irrigation.The maximum rate at which water will enter the soil in a given coalition is known as the infiltration capacity. The infiltration rate is the rate at which water enters the soil during a rainstorm, and it must equal the infiltration capacity, or the rainfall rata, whichever is least. It has the dimensions of volume per unit time per unit of area. Infiltration rates may be determined experimentally by measuring the surface runoff from a small test plot subject to either natural or simulated rainfall. The most important items influencing rate of infiltration have to do with the physical characteristics of the soil and the cover on the soil surface, but such other factors such as soil moisture, rainfall intensity, temperature are also involved. A comprehensive review of literature regarding the factors affecting infiltration and the methods of measurement is included in this thesis. Infiltration measurements have been conducted by different methods in the past by observing runoff from natural or artificial rainfall or by observing the rate of fall of ponded water. The most suitable method of measuring infiltration will depend upon the intended application, the equipment, and other resources available. Since there is no single accepted method for measuring infiltration rate, it is of particular interest therefore, to derive a standard method of infiltration measurement in the "Local" Soil, However, to find a simple but reliable infiltration measurement many existing methods were examined and due to various reasons stated under chapter II of this thesis two methods were investigated and from the results obtained, it was determined that the buffer cylinder infiltrometer method was the most reliable, and also give the highest degree of accuracy.
  • Item
    CONCRETE MIX DESIGN IN THE TROPICS
    (1970-12) OSHA, A. R.
  • Item
  • Item
  • Item
  • Item
  • Item
    FILTER MEDIA
    (1974-09) usman, Garba
  • Item
    FLUORIDES IN LOCAL WATER SUPPLIES
    (1974-09) MOHAMMED, Sadanu Isma
  • Item
    LEAKAGES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
    (1974-09) ABUBAKAR, Aliyu
  • Item
  • Item
    TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT IN SHORT CONCRETE COLUMNS
    (1975-11) CHIWUZIE, VICTOR M.
  • Item
    Comparative Construction Costs in Nigeria
    (1976-09) MoCAHTHY, J L
    Nigeria is a rapidly developing country with a very large construction programme. Fortunately it has considerable oil resources to provide funds for this development. However, the demand for amenities still exceeds the funds available so the development plans have to be carefully considered. To enable the plans to be drawn accurately it is necessary to establish current and projected construction costs. The object of this study is to investigate existing construction cost patterns and from the results obtained to propose a system for defining these patterns so that they can be used as a basis for projecting future costs. Two systems were selected for detailed investigation. These are: (a) Analysis: the analysis of costs of completed projects, (b) Synthesis: the building up of costs using the basic costs of labour, material and plant. The methods of measurement and analysis are discussed in the text. It is shown that synthesis provides the more accurate results and is recommended for use in Nigeria
  • Item
    ANALYSIS OF FOUR-BAR MECHANISMS
    (1977-07) OLAMIGOKE, Ayodele
  • Item
  • Item
  • Item