VETERINARY MEDICINE

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Browsing VETERINARY MEDICINE by Author "ADAMU, NUHU BALA"

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    CAMEL BRUCELLOSIS IN THREE NORTHERN STATES OF NIGERIA
    (1997-07) ADAMU, NUHU BALA
    Serological and bacteriological investigation for Brucellosis in slaughtered camels was carried out to determine the prevalence of the disease, isolate and biotype the Brucella species responsible for the disease in one-humped camels (Dromedary camels) in three Northern States (Kaduna. Kano and Borno) of Nigeria. Two serological tests viz; Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) were used as screening and standard tests respectively to test the sera obtained from the blood of camels. Milk samples were tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT) while heperinized whole blood, milk and foetal Stomach contents were cultured using specific Brucella medium. Direct Ziehl-Neelsen smear Stain examination of urine and faecal samples were made. Of the overall total of 1047 sera samples tested. 291(27.79%) were RBPT positive while 200(19.10%) were SAT positive. Out of 215. 400 and 432 serum samples tested in Kaduna. Kano and Borno States respectively. 60(27.91%). 97(24.25%) and 134(31.02%) were positive by RBPT while 40(18.60%). 50(12.50%) and 110(25.46%) were positive by SAT respectively. Milk Ring Test (MRT) revealed overall prevalence rate of 12(17.65%) out of the 68 milk samples tested, The highest number and percentage by MRT reactors 6(21.43%) was from Borno State, followed by Kaduna State 2(18.18%) and then Kano State 4(13.79%). In all the states sampled, female camels were more at risk of contacting Brucellosis compared to male camels, female camels in Kano, Kaduna and Borno States have relative risk values of 1.31. 1.26 and 1.02 compared to their male counterparts with relative risk of 0.76. 0.70 and 0.98 respectively. There is however, no significant difference between the rates of infection in male and female camels in Kaduna. Kano and Borno States when data was subjected to X2 analysis at P = 0.05. None of the blood, milk and foetal stomach contents samples cultured yielded Bruce/la organisms. However, bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp. Streptococcus sp. Bacillus sp. Pasteurella sp. Corynebacicrium sp. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp and Proteus sp were however isolated from these samples. Based on these findings, it is recommended that further studies should be earned out to isolate the Brucella species that might be responsible for brucellosis in other camel raising areas in Nigeria. Such isolates when obtained should have their strains determined and biotyped. Further studies on camel brucellosis especially in range camels in addition to slaughtered camels should be encouraged. Brucellosis control programmes for Nigeria should embrace the camel.