CAMEL BRUCELLOSIS IN THREE NORTHERN STATES OF NIGERIA
CAMEL BRUCELLOSIS IN THREE NORTHERN STATES OF NIGERIA
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Date
1997-07
Authors
ADAMU, NUHU BALA
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Abstract
Serological and bacteriological investigation for Brucellosis in slaughtered camels
was carried out to determine the prevalence of the disease, isolate and biotype the Brucella
species responsible for the disease in one-humped camels (Dromedary camels) in three
Northern States (Kaduna. Kano and Borno) of Nigeria. Two serological tests viz; Rose
Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) were used as screening and
standard tests respectively to test the sera obtained from the blood of camels. Milk samples
were tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT) while heperinized whole blood, milk and foetal
Stomach contents were cultured using specific Brucella medium. Direct Ziehl-Neelsen
smear Stain examination of urine and faecal samples were made.
Of the overall total of 1047 sera samples tested. 291(27.79%) were RBPT positive
while 200(19.10%) were SAT positive. Out of 215. 400 and 432 serum samples tested in
Kaduna. Kano and Borno States respectively. 60(27.91%). 97(24.25%) and 134(31.02%)
were positive by RBPT while 40(18.60%). 50(12.50%) and 110(25.46%) were positive by
SAT respectively. Milk Ring Test (MRT) revealed overall prevalence rate of 12(17.65%)
out of the 68 milk samples tested, The highest number and percentage by MRT reactors
6(21.43%) was from Borno State, followed by Kaduna State 2(18.18%) and then Kano
State 4(13.79%).
In all the states sampled, female camels were more at risk of contacting
Brucellosis compared to male camels, female camels in Kano, Kaduna and Borno
States have relative risk values of 1.31. 1.26 and 1.02 compared to their male counterparts
with relative risk of 0.76. 0.70 and 0.98 respectively. There is however, no
significant difference between the rates of infection in male and female camels in
Kaduna. Kano and Borno States when data was subjected to X2 analysis at P = 0.05.
None of the blood, milk and foetal stomach contents samples cultured yielded
Bruce/la organisms. However, bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp. Streptococcus sp.
Bacillus sp. Pasteurella sp. Corynebacicrium sp. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp and
Proteus sp were however isolated from these samples.
Based on these findings, it is recommended that further studies should be earned
out to isolate the Brucella species that might be responsible for brucellosis in other
camel raising areas in Nigeria. Such isolates when obtained should have their strains
determined and biotyped. Further studies on camel brucellosis especially in range
camels in addition to slaughtered camels should be encouraged. Brucellosis control
programmes for Nigeria should embrace the camel.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA,
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH
AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE,
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
CAMEL,, BRUCELLOSIS, NORTHERN,, NIGERIA.