CHARACTERIZATION OF SORBENT PRODUCED FROM CHICKEN FEATHERKAOLIN COMPOSITE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR REMOVAL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER

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dc.contributor.authorSULEIMAN, Isiaka
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-26T08:24:56Z
dc.date.available2021-10-26T08:24:56Z
dc.date.issued2021-02
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractThe study presents the characterization and adsorption studies of chicken feather-kaolin composite (CFK) produced using chicken feather (CF) and kaolin (K) and used for removal of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous medium. The FTIR result of the CFK reveals the appearance of bands at 3690.1 cm-1 and 3265.1 cm-1 that indicate the –OH group of kaolin and the –NH group of the protein keratin in the chicken feather. And there was also the appearance of new adsorption bands at 3649.10 cm-1, 3619.20 cm-1 and 3425.40 cm-1 which were assigned to O-H and N-H inter hydrogen bonds‘ vibration between the kaolin and the chicken feather as well as reduction in pick intensity which signifies that there was interaction between the kaolin(K) and chicken feather (CF) in formation of CFK composite. SEM result reveals that, the K particles are packed in the form of agglomerates while CF contains protein fibres with barbs and barbules. It also shows that chicken feather (CF)had kaolin (K) particles adhering to the surface of chicken feather (CF) thereby providing an efficient and strong support for K in forming CFK composite, therefore, the intercalation via guest displacement reaction between the CF and K using sodium acetate as the intercalating agent to pack CF between the lamella spacing of K in the composite failed to occur, rather, it obeys the surface interaction through hydrogen bonding between the OH group of K and NH2 and COO- groups of the protein keratin fibre of CF.BET indicates an increase in the surface area of K from 352.5 m2/g to 424.8m2/g in CFK, and pore volume from 0.148 cc/g to 0.164 cc/g in CFK composite.XRD difactograms show well defined peaks of Kaolinite in K, peaks due to the protein keratin in CF indicating semi-crystalline nature of CF and an increased crystallinity due to the appearance of more peaks in CFK, and a reduction in peak intensity indicating interaction between CF and K in the formation of CFK composite. The CFK composite had adsorption affinity for the metals in the order Pb2+˃ Cu2+˃ Ni2+.Adsorption for all the metals follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model.The intra-particle diffusion model reveals that the adsorption process was both by boundary layer and intra-particle diffusion. Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ follow the Freundlich model while Ni2+ fits better into the Langmuir isotherm. The Dubini-Radushkevich isotherm shows that the adsorption process was by physisorption and the thermodynamic study reveals that the adsorption was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic and was accompanied by an increase in entropy. The full factorial design and response surface methodology for the optimization gives the maximum percentage adsorbed for Pb2+ as 97.03%, 75.50% for Cu2+ and 66.26% for Ni2+ at 147.19 ppm, 75oC and 10 minute.Therefore, CFK composite can be used as an effective low-cost adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from wastewater.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/12667
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectCHARACTERIZATION,en_US
dc.subjectSORBENT PRODUCED,en_US
dc.subjectCHICKEN FEATHER FEATHERKAOLIN COMPOSITE,en_US
dc.subjectAPPLICATION,en_US
dc.subjectREMOVAL,en_US
dc.subjectSELECTED HEAVY METALS,en_US
dc.subjectWASTEWATER.en_US
dc.titleCHARACTERIZATION OF SORBENT PRODUCED FROM CHICKEN FEATHERKAOLIN COMPOSITE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR REMOVAL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATERen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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