CHARACTERIZATION OF SORBENT PRODUCED FROM CHICKEN FEATHERKAOLIN COMPOSITE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR REMOVAL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER
CHARACTERIZATION OF SORBENT PRODUCED FROM CHICKEN FEATHERKAOLIN COMPOSITE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR REMOVAL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER
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Date
2021-02
Authors
SULEIMAN, Isiaka
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Abstract
The study presents the characterization and adsorption studies of chicken feather-kaolin
composite (CFK) produced using chicken feather (CF) and kaolin (K) and used for removal of
Pb2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous medium. The FTIR result of the CFK reveals the appearance
of bands at 3690.1 cm-1 and 3265.1 cm-1 that indicate the –OH group of kaolin and the –NH
group of the protein keratin in the chicken feather. And there was also the appearance of new
adsorption bands at 3649.10 cm-1, 3619.20 cm-1 and 3425.40 cm-1 which were assigned to O-H
and N-H inter hydrogen bonds‘ vibration between the kaolin and the chicken feather as well as
reduction in pick intensity which signifies that there was interaction between the kaolin(K) and
chicken feather (CF) in formation of CFK composite. SEM result reveals that, the K particles are
packed in the form of agglomerates while CF contains protein fibres with barbs and barbules. It
also shows that chicken feather (CF)had kaolin (K) particles adhering to the surface of chicken
feather (CF) thereby providing an efficient and strong support for K in forming CFK composite,
therefore, the intercalation via guest displacement reaction between the CF and K using sodium
acetate as the intercalating agent to pack CF between the lamella spacing of K in the composite
failed to occur, rather, it obeys the surface interaction through hydrogen bonding between the OH
group of K and NH2 and COO- groups of the protein keratin fibre of CF.BET indicates an
increase in the surface area of K from 352.5 m2/g to 424.8m2/g in CFK, and pore volume from
0.148 cc/g to 0.164 cc/g in CFK composite.XRD difactograms show well defined peaks of
Kaolinite in K, peaks due to the protein keratin in CF indicating semi-crystalline nature of CF
and an increased crystallinity due to the appearance of more peaks in CFK, and a reduction in
peak intensity indicating interaction between CF and K in the formation of CFK composite. The
CFK composite had adsorption affinity for the metals in the order Pb2+˃ Cu2+˃ Ni2+.Adsorption
for all the metals follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model.The intra-particle diffusion
model reveals that the adsorption process was both by boundary layer and intra-particle
diffusion. Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ follow the Freundlich model while Ni2+ fits better into the
Langmuir isotherm. The Dubini-Radushkevich isotherm shows that the adsorption process was
by physisorption and the thermodynamic study reveals that the adsorption was spontaneous,
feasible, endothermic and was accompanied by an increase in entropy.
The full factorial design and response surface methodology for the optimization gives the
maximum percentage adsorbed for Pb2+ as 97.03%, 75.50% for Cu2+ and 66.26% for Ni2+ at
147.19 ppm, 75oC and 10 minute.Therefore, CFK composite can be used as an effective low-cost adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from wastewater.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTER DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY,
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
CHARACTERIZATION,, SORBENT PRODUCED,, CHICKEN FEATHER FEATHERKAOLIN COMPOSITE,, APPLICATION,, REMOVAL,, SELECTED HEAVY METALS,, WASTEWATER.