THE PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAMS OF SALMONELLA AND E. COLI ISOLATED FROM MEAT, MILK, BOVINE FAECES AND HUMAN STOOL IN ZARIA
THE PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAMS OF SALMONELLA AND E. COLI ISOLATED FROM MEAT, MILK, BOVINE FAECES AND HUMAN STOOL IN ZARIA
| dc.contributor.author | ESONA, MATHEW DIOH | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2014-02-11T10:10:56Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2014-02-11T10:10:56Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 1998 | |
| dc.description | A Thesis P r e s e n t e d to the P o s t g r a d u a te School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | A total of 700 specimens comprising of 50 specimens each of raw meat, "suya", "Kilishi", Lymph nodes, bile, kidney and 100 specimens each of fresh milk, fermented milk ("nono"), bovine rectal swab and human stool were examined for Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Salmonella - Shigella agar and Eosin methylene blue agar were used as isolation media for Salmonella and E. coli respectively. The range of aerobic plate and coliform counts in some specimens analysed were 5.0 x 101 - 4.95 x 10J CFU/g and 1.0 x 101 - 5.05 x 101 CFU/g of unprocessed meat products (raw meat and kidney) respectively. For the processed meat products ("Suya" and Kilishi) the range of aerobic plate and coliform counts were 2.0 x 10l - 6.3 x 10J CFU/g and 1.0 x 101 - 5.0 x 10T CFU/g of specimens respectively. The range of aerobic plate and coliform counts of fermented milk ("nono") were 5.0 x 10s - 4.95 x 101 CFU/ml and 1.05 x 101 - 4.85 x 105 CFU/ml of specimen respectively, with a pH range of 4-5.2. For fresh milk, the range of aerobic plate and coliform counts were 5.0 x 10 - 6.0 x 10 CFU/ml and 1.0 x 10 - 4.5 x 10 CFU/ml of specimen respectively. Ten Salmonella isolates and fifty nine E. coli isolates were obtained. The isolation frequency of Salmonella were human stool (3%), raw meat (630 and lymph nodes (8%). Salmonella was not isolated from bovine rectal swabs, from processed meat, bile, kidney, fermented milk (nono) and fresh milk. All the isolates biochemically identified as Salmonella agglutinated in Salmonella polyvalent "O" group A-S antiserum. The Salmonella isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents and nine of the isolates were sensitive to Tetracycline and Nalidixic acid. All the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole and Chloramphenicol. The percentage of isolates found to be resistant to four or more, five or more, six or more and seven or more drugs were 100. 70 and 50 respectively. Of the six p a t t e r n s of multiple resistance seen, the most common was cotrimoxazole - streptomycin -Nitrofurantoin- Augmentin-Gentamicin-Ampioillin- chloramphenicol occurring in five isolates. None of the isolates was resistant to all the drugs tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all the nine Salmonella isolates were 3ug/ml for Ampicillin, 0.8ug/ml for Gentamicin, 2ug/ml for Streptomycin and 1.5ug/ml for Chloramphenicol. Out of the fifty nine E. coli isolates, 19(32.2%) were classified enteropathoccenic E. cpli. The percentage isolation of E. coli from the following specimens were as follows: human stool (16%), raw meat (18%), "suya" (4%), Lymph node (20%). bile (30%), kidney (4%), fermented milk (nono) (1%) and fresh milk (4%). E. coli was not isolated from bovine rectal swab and "Kilishi". Thirty five E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents and one isolate from raw meat was resistant to all the d r u g s. All t h i r t y five E. coli isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin. Out of the t h i r t y five E. coli isolates tested for susceptibility, only the p a t t e r ns for the 19 enteropathogenio E. coli were studied. Ten p a t t e r n s of resistance were obtained and the most common pattern was Ampicillin - Augmentin - Nalidixic acid - Nitrofurantoin -Tetracycline - Cotrimoxazole occurring 4 times. The MIC of Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Gentamicin and Streptomycin for all studied enteropathogenio E. cpli were 6ug/ml, 6ug/ml,1.6iig/ml, and 3ug/ml, respectively. The presence of Salmonellae and enteropathogenic E. coli in any of the specimens could be a health risk as Salmonellosis and E. coli associated gastrointestinal disorder may result. Furthermore, it was observed that multiple resistance to antibiotics in current application is widespread amongst the local isolates of Salmonellae and E. cpli. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1119 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.subject | PREVALENCE | en_US |
| dc.subject | ANTIBIOGRAMS | en_US |
| dc.subject | SALMONELLA | en_US |
| dc.subject | E. COLI | en_US |
| dc.subject | ISOLATED | en_US |
| dc.subject | MEAT | en_US |
| dc.subject | MILK | en_US |
| dc.subject | BOVINE | en_US |
| dc.subject | FAECES | en_US |
| dc.subject | HUMAN | en_US |
| dc.subject | STOOL | en_US |
| dc.subject | ZARIA | en_US |
| dc.title | THE PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAMS OF SALMONELLA AND E. COLI ISOLATED FROM MEAT, MILK, BOVINE FAECES AND HUMAN STOOL IN ZARIA | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |