THE PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAMS OF SALMONELLA AND E. COLI ISOLATED FROM MEAT, MILK, BOVINE FAECES AND HUMAN STOOL IN ZARIA
THE PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAMS OF SALMONELLA AND E. COLI ISOLATED FROM MEAT, MILK, BOVINE FAECES AND HUMAN STOOL IN ZARIA
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Date
1998
Authors
ESONA, MATHEW DIOH
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Abstract
A total of 700 specimens comprising of 50 specimens each of raw meat,
"suya", "Kilishi", Lymph nodes, bile, kidney and 100 specimens each of fresh
milk, fermented milk ("nono"), bovine rectal swab and human stool were examined
for Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Salmonella - Shigella agar and Eosin
methylene blue agar were used as isolation media for Salmonella and E. coli
respectively.
The range of aerobic plate and coliform counts in some specimens analysed
were 5.0 x 101 - 4.95 x 10J CFU/g and 1.0 x 101 - 5.05 x 101 CFU/g of
unprocessed meat products (raw meat and kidney) respectively. For the
processed meat products ("Suya" and Kilishi) the range of aerobic plate and
coliform counts were 2.0 x 10l - 6.3 x 10J CFU/g and 1.0 x 101 - 5.0 x 10T CFU/g
of specimens respectively. The range of aerobic plate and coliform counts of
fermented milk ("nono") were 5.0 x 10s - 4.95 x 101 CFU/ml and 1.05 x 101 - 4.85
x 105 CFU/ml of specimen respectively, with a pH range of 4-5.2. For fresh milk,
the range of aerobic plate and coliform counts were 5.0 x 10 - 6.0 x 10 CFU/ml
and 1.0 x 10 - 4.5 x 10 CFU/ml of specimen respectively.
Ten Salmonella isolates and fifty nine E. coli isolates were obtained. The
isolation frequency of Salmonella were human stool (3%), raw meat (630 and
lymph nodes (8%). Salmonella was not isolated from bovine rectal swabs, from
processed meat, bile, kidney, fermented milk (nono) and fresh milk. All the
isolates biochemically identified as Salmonella agglutinated in Salmonella
polyvalent "O" group A-S antiserum.
The Salmonella isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine antimicrobial
agents and nine of the isolates were sensitive to Tetracycline and Nalidixic acid.
All the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole and Chloramphenicol.
The percentage of isolates found
to be resistant to four or more, five or more, six or more and seven or more
drugs were 100. 70 and 50 respectively. Of the six p a t t e r n s of multiple resistance
seen, the most common was cotrimoxazole - streptomycin -Nitrofurantoin-
Augmentin-Gentamicin-Ampioillin- chloramphenicol occurring in five isolates. None
of the isolates was resistant to all the drugs tested.
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all the nine Salmonella
isolates were 3ug/ml for Ampicillin, 0.8ug/ml for Gentamicin, 2ug/ml for
Streptomycin and 1.5ug/ml for Chloramphenicol.
Out of the fifty nine E. coli isolates, 19(32.2%) were classified
enteropathoccenic E. cpli. The percentage isolation of E. coli from the following
specimens were as follows: human stool (16%), raw meat (18%), "suya" (4%), Lymph
node (20%). bile (30%), kidney (4%), fermented milk (nono) (1%) and fresh milk
(4%). E. coli was not isolated from bovine rectal swab and "Kilishi".
Thirty five E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to eight
antimicrobial agents and one isolate from raw meat was resistant to all the d r u g s.
All t h i r t y five E. coli isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin.
Out of the t h i r t y five E. coli isolates tested for susceptibility, only the p a t t e r ns
for the 19 enteropathogenio E. coli were studied. Ten p a t t e r n s of resistance were
obtained and the most common pattern was Ampicillin - Augmentin - Nalidixic acid
- Nitrofurantoin -Tetracycline - Cotrimoxazole occurring 4 times. The MIC of
Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Gentamicin and Streptomycin for all studied
enteropathogenio E. cpli were 6ug/ml, 6ug/ml,1.6iig/ml, and 3ug/ml, respectively.
The presence of Salmonellae and enteropathogenic E. coli in any of the
specimens could be a health risk as Salmonellosis and E. coli associated gastrointestinal
disorder may result. Furthermore, it was observed that multiple
resistance to antibiotics in current application is widespread amongst the local
isolates of Salmonellae and E. cpli.
Description
A Thesis P r e s e n t e d to the P o s t g r a d u a te
School,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Keywords
PREVALENCE, ANTIBIOGRAMS, SALMONELLA, E. COLI, ISOLATED, MEAT, MILK, BOVINE, FAECES, HUMAN, STOOL, ZARIA