CO-INFECTION OF HIV AND HBV AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTE-NATAL CARE IN SOME HOSPITALS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
CO-INFECTION OF HIV AND HBV AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTE-NATAL CARE IN SOME HOSPITALS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
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Date
2013-02
Authors
ABA, HENRIETTA ONEH
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Abstract
The transmission routes and some risk factors that are associated with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are also associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection. The HIV-infected pregnant cohort represents a unique population and infection with
HBV is considered a public health problem worldwide. This study was conducted to determine
the sero-prevalence of HIV and HBV and co-infection of both viruses among pregnant women in
Kaduna, Nigeria. Eight hundred (800) pregnant women attending ante-natal care in four selected
hospitals were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected and tested for presence of
HIV antibodies and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Determine HIV 1 and 2 rapid test
kit and First Response antigen detection kits respectively. The positive HIV blood were retested
using Unigold and analyzed for CD4 counts, while positive HBsAg plasma were confirmed
using ELISA and tested for various markers of hepatitis B virus. Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 were
detected in 5.9% (47/800) of the pregnant women while HBsAg was detected in 3.9% (31/800)
of the pregnant women. The prevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection was 0.5% (4/800). Mean
CD4 count in the HIV positive pregnant women was 396 cells/μl of blood while a mean CD4
count of 299 cells/μl of blood was recorded for the HIV and HBV co-infected women. The
predominant HBV markers detected among the HBV positive pregnant women was Anti-HBc
(58.1%:18/31) while the least was Anti-HBs (3.2%:1/31). Test for markers of HBV indicated
Anti-HBc as the most predominant (18:58.1%), while Anti-HBs was the least (1:3.2%). Both
HBV and HIV were significantly associated with polygamy, blood transfusion and surgery (P<
0.05). Therefore screening for HIV and HBV during pregnancy is essential to improve ante-natal
care and inform clinical management.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MICROBIOLOGY.
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA.
Keywords
CO-INFECTION,, HIV AND HBV,, PREGNANT,, WOMEN,, ATTENDING,, ANTE-NATAL CARE,, HOSPITALS,, KADUNA METROPOLIS,, NIGERIA