ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN THE WATER, SEDIMENT, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) AND OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) IN KUBANNI RESERVOIR IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN THE WATER, SEDIMENT, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) AND OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) IN KUBANNI RESERVOIR IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2020-03
Authors
JELILI, Abbas Olagunju
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Abstract
This study was aimed at assessing the water quality, concentration of selected heavy metals in
the water, sediment and fish species in Kubanni Reservior for 12 months. Purposive and standard
methods of experimental analyses were adopted for the research. Three (3) sampling stations
were established for collection of water, sediment and fish species. Thirty six (36) samples each
were collected for water and sediment as well as seventy (72) samples for fish. Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used for measurement of the levels of elements. The results
shows that Temperature, pH, DO2, BOD, turbidity, COD, alkalinity, hardness, NO3-N, PO4-
P,TDS and EC, ranged between within 23.30 -27.57ºC, 6.9 – 8.22H+, 8.68 – 6.40mg/l, 1.18 -
1.72mg/l, 41.01 – 64.73mg/l, 46.30 – 160.55mg/l, 30.00 – 77.10mg/l(CaCO3), 62.80 –
67.63mg/l(CaCO3), 0.31 – 0.49mg/l, 0.19 – 0.37mg/l, 89.00 – 197.00mg/l and 117.67 –
261.33μhoms/cm respectively. The physico-chemical parameters varied significantly (P<0.05)
between the months in the three sampling stations. The mean concentration range of Pb, Mn and
Zn in water were 0.00 – 0.24, 0.12 – 0.73 and 0.00 – 0.14mg/l, respectively, while in sediments it
ranged from 16.05 – 87.35, 194.40 – 378.21and 155.07 – 259.36mg/kg respectively. Pb in
sediments significantly varied between the stations. The mean concentration of Pb in the gill,
liver and muscle was 0.35 – 2.15, 0.44 – 1.77 and 0.81 – 1.55mg/kg, respectively in
Oreochromis niloticus and in Clarias gariepinus it was 0.62 – 1.37, 0.29 – 1.68 and 0.37 –
2.58mg/kg respectively. Mn in the gills, liver and muscle of Orechromis niloticus were between
43.93 – 90.09, 7.60 – 26.46 and 7.67 – 40.37 mg/kg respectively; Mn in muscle of Orechromis
niloticus varied significantly (P<0.05) between the station. In Clarias garieinus, Mn
concentration were 26.04 – 69.51, 2.98 – 9.40 and 2.52 – 6.83mg/kg in gills, liver and muscle
respectively. The mean concentration of Zn in the gills, liver and muscle of Orechromis niloticus ranged between 29.10 – 82.67, 1.98 – 6.40 and 15.33 – 44.14mg/kg respectively. Zn in gills of
Orechromis niloticus varied significantly (P<0.05) between the stations. Zn in bt5he gills, liver
and muscle of Clarias gariepinus were 15.82 – 30.99, 1.30 – 18.21 and 8.18 – 24.10 mg/kg
respectively. The levels of Pb in water, Mn in gills of Clarias gariepinus, gills, liver and muscle
of Orechromis niloticus were above the World Health Organization (WHO). limit. The results
showed evidence of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the fish with levels that are higher than
WHO limits. There pose a potential health risk for inhabitants that depend on the reservoir for
fish consumption and water for domestic use. Constant monitoring of the levels of contamination
to assess the impact of the heavy metals is hereby recommended.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN FISHERIES
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
ASSESSMENT,, HEAVY METALS,, WATER, SEDIMENT,, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS,, (BURCHELL, 1822),, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS,, (LINNAEUS,1758),, KUBANNI RESERVOIR,, KADUNA STATE,, NIGERIA.