ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

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    3-D READJUSTMENT OF PARTS OF THE NIGERIAN PRIMARY TRIANGULATION NETWORK WITH GNSS DATA
    (2019-06) NWEZE, Olivia Chidimma
    Current development has shown many countries improving and strengthening their national control networks using modern space geodetic system. This study carried out 3D readjustment of part of the Nigerian Primary Triangulation Network using GNSS data obtained from Office of the Surveyor General of the Federation (OSGoF). First, the geometric analysis of the existing Nigerian Primary Network were evaluated using Triangle Inequality theorem and on how well the triangles in the network are conditioned. The result revealed that the network fulfilled the condition of the theorem however, when subjected to how well-conditioned the triangles were within the network, it was discovered that 56% of the triangles met the requirement while 44% did not meet the geometric conditionality. Different processing strategies are capable of giving different coordinate solutions for same point. Using fifty-two (52) GNSS station observational campaigns carried out within the period of October, 2010 – April, 2011, the study performed comparative evaluation of three different GNSS post-processing strategies with respect to points of reference originally processed with BERNESSE software from OSGoF. These processing strategies include; reducing observational campaign observed from pairs of stations (baselines) and combining these baselines into a network (Approach 1), taking GPS observations observed simultaneously at all stations directly into a network adjustment where all the coordinates of the network are presents as unknowns (Approach 2) and lastly, processing the observations using Precise point Positioning techniques (Approach 3). Due to the dissimilar nature of positioning, Trimble Total Control software was used to process Approach 1 and 2 solution (Relative solution approach) while GNSS-lab tool (gLAB) was used to process Approach 3 (Stand-alone solution approach). The residual (differences) in the horizontal and vertical component were computed for all observations. Out of the three solutions, Approach 3 gave solutions that were closest to the points of reference, followed by Approach 1 and then Approach 2. Poor performance of Approach 2 was attributed to some restraining factors that considerably induced errors within its solutions. Improvement on the study will be on how to develop a standard approach for harmonizing GNSS solutions in the near future.
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    A. B.U. SCHOOL OF FISHERIES, BAKURA
    (1986-06) JOSEPH, RUTH
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    ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COMPLEX: TOWARDS EFFECTIVE PLANNING FOR COMFORT.
    (1997-10) ABUBAKAR, SULEIMAN
    The wind of change is blowing accross the globe in all spheres of human disciplines. This change is towards increasing demand for comfort. Hence, the University library which is the heart of the process of education must not bo loft out in this increasing conciousness for comfort. This thesis is therefore, centered principally, around the comfort needs of readers within the prevailing climatic conditions of the site. The first chapter proposes and defines the problem. This chapter also unfolds the research instrument used. Chapter two looks at historical developments of library architecture and operational requirements of the library. The third chapter examines some existing libraries with particular emphasis on comfort levels. Chapter four, which is the research chapter, analysis comfort parameters with a view to ascertaining basic problem and solutions. The result of this study is to guide the author towards making a successful design proposal. Chapter five examined the project site critically to know the prevailing conditions. Chapter six which is the design proposal, reports the application of the principles studied in previous chapters. Chapter seven concludes the research with recommendations. What is hoped is that, the research work would be useful to students, scholars and the society at large
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    ABUJA INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR COMPLEX AN APPRAISAL OF PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN TRADE FAIR CENTRES IN NIGERIA
    (1992-11) OLUKUNLE, RUFUS OLUKUNLE
    ABSTRACT The Trade Fair Complex Abuja like most events of its kind was concieved as a means of providing forum for businessmen and exchange of ideas, open market for new products, attract foreign and local investment, expose new inventions and educate the public at large. Thus the trade fair centres in Nigeria have problems in terms of its physical infrastructures Such as Space demand, electricity drainage and sewage, pedestrian walkway (pavement), vehicular movement e.t.c. The study will examine these problems in detail with particular attention to Abuja and suggest solutions and recommendations. Moreso, the goal of the thesis is to provide a be fitting exhibition centre for fair that will go well with its activities by providing properly planned facilities that will reflect the exhibits climatic condition and its socio-cultural status as a festival. Since the period of main usuage is about a week, the centre will be adoptable to other uses, so that it dosen't become a ghost town when no exhibition is taking place.
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    ACOUSTICAL ABSORPTIVE PROPERTIES OF MULTI-LAYERED POLYLACTIC ACID, COTTON NONWOVEN BATTS AND NEEDLE-PUNCH FABRICS.
    (2012-03) OMOTUNDE, OGUNBOWALE WOSILAT
    This study investigated the absorptive properties of non woven cotton and Poly lactic acid materials. The non woven materials used in this study are batts and fabrics made from 100 percent cotton and 100 percent poly lactic acid fibers. These are biodegradable from natural source and are environmentally friendly. The fibers were characterized for their properties by subjecting them to different characterization tests. Twenty samples were produced from the fibers using the non woven processing. Layering was achieved by tacking layers of batts in various sequences of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of batts respectively to form blend ratios of the fibers of 800g/m2 area weights (eight layers). The method used for measuring the acoustical properties of the samples is the impedance tube method whereby; sound absorption coefficient is determined at each of the eleven frequency range in accordance with the ASTM 1050 - 08 standards; which tested five specimens from each sample. Both fiber types achieved good absorption, but the results obtained show that eight (8) layers cotton batts absorbed better than cotton fabric and PLA batts and fabric, since its absorption coefficient is closest to one. The results also show that physical parameters such as; fiber type, size, density, cross section, are significant to level of absorption. These parameters and other variables such as: thickness, resistance, layering order, porosity and air permeability were all investigated and their influence on material absorption is found to be positive and significant. This study suggests that these fibers (cotton and PLA) which are environmentally friendly and cost effective will serve as good alternatives to petroleum based fibers which are currently in use.
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    ADAPTABLE UNITS FOR NIGERIAN ARMY (TRAINING CAMP)
    (1982-07) EZEOKE, JUSTIN OKECHUKWU MAURICE
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    ADAPTATION OF BANKNOTE SECURITY FEATURES ON SOME AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY SENSITIVE DOCUMENTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST COUNTERFEITING
    (2016-08) HASHIM, MUHAMMAD BASHIR
    This study is aimed at adapting banknotes security features on Ahmadu Bello University's sensitive documents in order to protect them against counterfeiting. This aim was achieved through the following objectives: 1. to study banknote security features for onward adaptation on Ahmadu Bello University’s sensitive documents. 2. To redesign some of the Ahmadu Bello University's sensitive documents by introducing multifarious security features on them. Primary data were collected based on an experimental research design and purposive sampling technique. Responses from the questionnaire were based on liker’s 5-pointscale. For the purpose of this study, purposive sampling technique was used. The main reason for using purposive sampling technique was to enable the researcher focus on particular characteristics of the population that are of interest. For this reason, the researcher x-rayed 86 different banknote security features globally, out of which 15 were selected for adoption on Ahmadu Bello University sensitive documents. Additionally, a total number of the 49 copies of questionnaire for printers and graphics designers were distributed to the top five security printing companies in Nigeria. Simple percentage and frequencies was used to analyze the data collected via the questionnaires. The studio work procedures are based on the following headings. They are exploration, developmental and production stages respectively. This study revealed that most of the valuable paper documents in Nigeria have little or no security features on them especially in the area of ink and paper. Moreover, banknote remain the most secured valuable paper document all over the world, the following banknote security components such as; paper, non-commercially available security ink, design and printing technique can easily be adopted on Ahmadu Bello University’s Sensitive documents for protection against forgery and counterfeiting.. These menaces have brought a great setback to national development. For this reason, there is need for serious and urgent efforts from graphic designers, researchers, indigenous ink producers, in-house paper mill companies and security printing industries to jointly tackle this ugly phenomenon for Nigeria to move forward. Finally, it’s recommended that Graphic designers, researchers, indigenous ink producers, in-house paper mill companies and security printing companies should jointly tackle the ugly phenomenon of forgery and counterfeiting for Nigeria to move forward. Moreover, courses on forgery and counterfeiting, piracy, faking, documents theft, security features, ink production, and paper security should be introduced to graphic designers and printers to take care of the present technological development
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    AN ADAPTATION OF ENUGU-NGWO MAIDEN MASK FORMS FOR SCULPTURAL TOTEM POLES
    (2015-09) OKECHUKWU, UZOJI GODWIN
    Sculpture, over time, has evolved and through the period of its evolution sculptors have derived inspiration from diverse sources, Pablo Picasso and Amideo Modigliani explored African mask for their paintings and sculptures, this direction has influenced to a large extent the trend of contemporary sculpture. The problem of this research therefore, was, that there is no known attempt at the adaptation of Enugu-Ngwo maiden mask forms for totem pole sculpture. The aim of the research was to create sculptures of totem poles, while the objectives were to; adapt Enugu-Ngwo maiden masks forms to create sculptural totem poles and recreate the aesthetic attributes of the Enugu-Ngwo maiden mask forms into totem pole models among others. Sculpture of totem poles and masks are both material culture of which when synergized resulted into an array of contemporary totem pole sculptures. In the course of this research, different media were explored and deployed. These ranged from concrete, fibre glass and charcoal. The research method was the exploratory studio-based research methodology, which involved visualization and practical observation of the Enugu-Ngwo mask forms. The analysis and conceptualization of perceived forms laid the basis from which the studio projects were executed. Ten sculptures were created two of which are large size and where created to achieve the physical presence of a totem pole.Several findings and observations were made in the process of this research, among which are; It has been shown that sculptural totem models can be produced by adapting Enugu-Ngwo maiden mask.Ithas also been shown that the exploration of the aesthetic attributes of Enugu-Ngwo maiden mask manifest interesting patterns and symbols for creating totem pole models. As well as, there are other possibilities of adapting the mask forms into other forms of contemporary sculpture.
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    ADAPTATION OF HAM TRADITIONAL DESIGNS AS SOURCES OF MOTIFS FOR FABRIC AND APPAREL EMBELLISHMENT USING BATIK
    (2016-10) DANLADI, JOY TWANGH
    The problem of this study is that of the selection, documentation, explanation and preservation of some of the traditional designs found on the artifacts of the Ham People of Kaduna State and adapting them for contemporary use on fabric using Batik Technique of fabric embellishment. The general objective of the study is to select and adapt traditional designs on the artifacts of Ham People and adapt them for use as motifs on contemporary batik resist fabric for embellishment, thereby ensuring the sustainability of such motifs. The purposes of the study are: to identify the traditional artifacts of the Ham people and the design motifs on them and to extract some of these motifs and adapt them onto fabrics using batik technique of textile decoration. The study adopts survey method for data collection to obtain relevant information from the subjects in the sample area as suggested by Adetoro (1997). Exploratory approach and product development (R&D) was used for sourcing for designs on artifacts as suggested by Itten (1997). Other parameters of investigation used in exploratory methodology include population of the study, sampling, pilot study and experiments for adaptation of designs to textile fabrics using resist techniques. Three survey instruments were used in the study. The first one which is a questionnaire (Appendix II) was used for pilot study and the second one Appendix III (A) interview was used for collecting data of the fifty traditional motifs. The third one (Appendix III B questionnaire) was used for the assessment of the resist pieces of fabric produced from the modified traditional design motifs extracted from the artifacts of the Ham People for comparison with those produced within the recent period. This was done by presenting the twenty five selected motifs to some randomly selected respondents, comprising of Ham youths and adults based in Zaria. The comparative assessment questionnaire is a five Likert scaled instrument. Based on the analysis of the study, the following findings were made: 1.The production of traditional artifacts of the Ham people is on the downward trend. 2. Ten different crafts are still being practiced by the Ham people (mostly old people and only on request) 3. The traditional artifacts of the Ham people have symbolic motifs with traditional names and can be adapted on textile fabrics, using the batik technique of fabric decoration. 4. Cultural and environmental factors such as festivals, annual cultural day celebrations, naming ceremonies, marriages, burial, initiation rites and aesthetic values are guiding the use of the traditional Ham design motifs. 5. Vat dyes are quite suitable for the practical adaptation of the Ham design motifs on fabrics and apparel using the batik technique. The general conclusion is that although the production of artifacts in Ham land is on the downward trend, it is still being practiced with symbolic motifs that are adaptable on fabrics using resist dying techniques.
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    ADAPTATION OF HAM TRADITIONAL DESIGNS AS SOURCES OF MOTIFS FOR FABRIC AND APPAREL EMBELLISHMENT USING BATIK
    (2016-10) DANLADI, JOY TWANGH
    The problem of this study is that of the selection, documentation, explanation and preservation of some of the traditional designs found on the artifacts of the Ham People of Kaduna State and adapting them for contemporary use on fabric using Batik Technique of fabric embellishment. The general objective of the study is to select and adapt traditional designs on the artifacts of Ham People and adapt them for use as motifs on contemporary batik resist fabric for embellishment, thereby ensuring the sustainability of such motifs. The purposes of the study are: to identify the traditional artifacts of the Ham people and the design motifs on them and to extract some of these motifs and adapt them onto fabrics using batik technique of textile decoration. The study adopts survey method for data collection to obtain relevant information from the subjects in the sample area as suggested by Adetoro (1997). Exploratory approach and product development (R&D) was used for sourcing for designs on artifacts as suggested by Itten (1997). Other parameters of investigation used in exploratory methodology include population of the study, sampling, pilot study and experiments for adaptation of designs to textile fabrics using resist techniques. Three survey instruments were used in the study. The first one which is a questionnaire (Appendix II) was used for pilot study and the second one Appendix III (A) interview was used for collecting data of the fifty traditional motifs. The third one (Appendix III B questionnaire) was used for the assessment of the resist pieces of fabric produced from the modified traditional design motifs extracted from the artifacts of the Ham People for comparison with those produced within the recent period. This was done by presenting the twenty five selected motifs to some randomly selected respondents, comprising of Ham youths and adults based in Zaria. The comparative assessment questionnaire is a five Likert scaled instrument. Based on the analysis of the study, the following findings were made: 1.The production of traditional artifacts of the Ham people is on the downward trend. 2. Ten different crafts are still being practiced by the Ham people (mostly old people and only on request) 3. The traditional artifacts of the Ham people have symbolic motifs with traditional names and can be adapted on textile fabrics, using the batik technique of fabric decoration. 4. Cultural and environmental factors such as festivals, annual cultural day celebrations, naming ceremonies, marriages, burial, initiation rites and aesthetic values are guiding the use of the traditional Ham design motifs. 5. Vat dyes are quite suitable for the practical adaptation of the Ham design motifs on fabrics and apparel using the batik technique. The general conclusion is that although the production of artifacts in Ham land is on the downward trend, it is still being practiced with symbolic motifs that are adaptable on fabrics using resist dying techniques
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    ADAPTATION OF HAM TRADITIONAL DESIGNS AS SOURCES OF MOTIFS FOR FABRIC AND APPARELEMBELLISHMENT USING BATIK
    (2016-10) DANLADI, JOY TWANGH
    The problem of this study is that of the selection, documentation, explanation and preservation of some of the traditional designs found on the artifacts of the Ham People of Kaduna State and adapting them for contemporary use on fabric using Batik Technique of fabric embellishment. The general objective of the study is to select and adapt traditional designs on the artifacts of Ham People and adapt them for use as motifs on contemporary batik resist fabric for embellishment, thereby ensuring the sustainability of such motifs. The purposes of the study are: to identify the traditional artifacts of the Ham people and the design motifs on them and to extract some of these motifs and adapt them onto fabrics using batik technique of textile decoration. The study adopts survey method for data collection to obtain relevant information from the subjects in the sample area as suggested by Adetoro (1997). Exploratory approach and product development (R&D) was used for sourcing for designs on artifacts as suggested by Itten (1997). Other parameters of investigation used in exploratory methodology include population of the study, sampling, pilot study and experiments for adaptation of designs to textile fabrics using resist techniques. Three survey instruments were used in the study. The first one which is a questionnaire (Appendix II) was used for pilot study and thesecond one Appendix III (A) interview was used for collecting data of the fifty traditional motifs. The third one (Appendix III B questionnaire) was used for the assessment of the resist pieces of fabric produced from the modified traditional design motifs extracted from the artifacts of the Ham People for comparison with those produced within the recent period. This was done by presenting the twenty five selected motifs to some randomly selected respondents, comprising of Ham youths and adults based in Zaria. The comparative assessment questionnaire is a five Likert scaled instrument. Based on the analysis of the study, the following findings were made: 1.The production of traditional artifacts of the Ham people is on the downward trend.2. Ten different crafts are still being practiced by the Ham people (mostly old people and only on request)3. The traditional artifacts of the Ham people have symbolic motifs with traditional names and can be adapted on textile fabrics, using the batik technique of fabric decoration.4. Cultural and environmental factors such as festivals, annual cultural day celebrations, naming ceremonies, marriages, burial, initiation rites and aesthetic values are guiding the use of the traditional Ham design motifs.5. Vat dyes are quite suitable for the practical adaptation of the Ham design motifs on fabrics and apparel using the batik technique. The general conclusion is that although the production of artifacts in Ham land is on the downward trend, it is still being practiced with symbolic motifs that are adaptable on fabrics using resist dying techniques.
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    ADAPTATION OF NIGERIAN HANDCRAFT WOVEN AND PRINTED FABRICS FOR APPAREL PRODUCTION AND FASHION APPRECIATION
    (2018-04) KUSO, Sarah SimBitrus
    ABSTRACT The study identified the way the introduction of modern ideas and techniques has affected the traditional set up of the Nigerian society which is gradually losing its identity because of its influence and adulterated culture. It focuses on the adaptation of Nigerian handcraft woven and printed fabrics for apparel production and fashion appreciation.The general objective of the study is to adapt designs, produce and manipulate the product for apparel and fashion in Kaduna state. Its significance is based on educational, socio-cultural, economical and industrial.The chapter one focuses on the general background/ introduction of the study , it also examines the research problem, objective, questions, justification and significance of the study, scope and the delimitations as well as basic assumptions of the study in order to establish the general existence. In chapter two the study focuses on the review of the related books which were cited and acknowledged.In chapter three, it focuses on the methodology of the study which examines how the entire study was carried out. To this end, exploration research was carried out; other parameters of investigation used include population of the study, sampling techniques, materials and methods, data analysis. The population of the study was narrowed down to different individuals mostly youths, fashion designers, hand weavers, marketers of handcrafted apparel, elderly individuals, in Kaduna state. These were randomly selected.Chapter four contains data presentation; analysis and discussion of the result obtained from questionnaire, interview, and observational schedules administered during the field study. However the analysis is the means by which the research question formulated are answered thus carefully highlighted in the body of the discussion of the study. Responses were tabulated in frequencies and percentage with descriptive non- statistical techniques of data analysis which was later transferred into statements.Chapter five focuses on the summary of the entire study, the conclusion and recommendations of the study were largely achieved. Based on the findings the study however proffers recommendations in order to improve handcrafted weaving and printing activities and enhances it productivity in Kaduna state and Nigeria at large.
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    THE ADAPTATION OF SELECTED DECORATIVE MOTIFS USED IN DURBAR RELATED OBJECTS FOR PAINTING
    (2000-10) ISMAIL, CHAFE SHEHU
    Decorative motifs and forms found in objects used in durbar show form the inspiration and indeed the basis for the conduct of this study. Some of these beautiful decorative motifs, which may be found in use in the arts of other cultural groups in Nigeria and around Africa, consist of various kinds of circles, chevrons, zigzags, spirals, and the famous dagi, (feline paw) popularly known as the northern knot. Durbar displays a very rich collection of costumes worn by participants such as the Royal fathers, the Knights and the chiefs. Others include stewards, musicians and warriors. All of these participants serve different functions and possess distinctive costumes that identify them from each other. So also are horses adorned with beautiful costumes of captivating grandeur befitting the status of the rider. It is observed that some artists ventured into research on traditional forms and motifs from various sources but did not specifically focus attention on durbar decorative motifs for research purposes. It is therefore the problem of this study to highlight and exploit some of these durbar decorative forms and motifs used as decoration in the Emir's procession for an analytical study in painting as a means of documenting and of ushering in a new dimension to visual expression. This research study is therefore centered around durbar decorative forms and motifs in the Zaria Emirate. Various options are tried with motifs, rider, horse, musical instruments and colour in the studio projects which followed. This research effort is intended in the long run, to provide an academic foundation for budding artists to broaden their scope in art perception and practice and to open up new ways and styles of expression through the use of traditional decorative motifs in painting.
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    ADAPTATION OF TRADITIONAL DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR KANO STATE HISTORY AND CULTURE BUREAU COMPLEX
    (1989-08) ABDULHAMID, MUKHTAR
    There is a growing concern from different communities towards the continuous decline of their traditional heritage. This declined is brought about by the industrialized society. One third of the world's population faces the strains of adopting to the impositions of modern architectural style -Traditional style not considered fit from the beginning of the twentieth century. Hausa land is not left out from the present confusion of accepting modern style brought about by the industrial society. Many traditional buildings in Kano are fast disappearing and some are losing their traditional out-look due to infiltration of modern culture into our traditional cities. In the design of Kano State History and Culture Bureau Building, traditional culture played an important role. Three concepts of Hausa traditional designs are employed. They are: the concept of versatility, which is the building is only two stories reflecting the traditional concept of vertical height. Other concepts are the use of large, open courtyard; the concept of decorations on the building wall, the use of less glass area at various approaches to the building. And the concept of space-Hierarchy of space in domestic traditional architecture. The product of the design is the combination of traditional culture with that of modern conception of space-Hybrid concept. In whole, there is the complete adaptation of traditional design concept in the office design of the Bureau and at the same time utilizing the modern architectural and planning ideas of office design in the Bureau's complex. The building is an overall semblance of a Hausa land Architecture - Kano in particular. The result is Architecture of regional identity peculiar to Hausa region and at the same time looking aesthetically modern.
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    ADAPTATION OF TRADITIONAL DESIGNS ON CRAFTS OF SOUTHERN KADUNA AS MOTIFS FOR TEXTILES RESIST TECHNIQUES
    (2006-09) ALAU, DONATUS DENNIS
    The problem of this study is that of the selection, documentation, explanation and preservation of some of the traditional motifs found on the crafts of Southern Kaduna and adapting them for contemporary use on fabric using Resist Techniques of fabric decoration. The general objective of the study is to select and manipulate traditional designs on crafts of Southern Kaduna and adapt them for use as motifs on contemporary resist fabric decoration, thereby ensuring the sustainability of such motifs. The purposes of the study are: 1. To identify the traditional crafts of Southern Kaduna and the design motifs on them. 2. To extract some of these motifs and adapt or transfer them onto fabrics using resist techniques of textile decoration method. The study adopts survey method for data collection to obtain relevant information from the subjects in the sample as suggested by Adetoro (1997). Exploratory approach and product development (R&D) was used for sourcing for designs on crafts as suggested by Itten (1997), Belfer (1976) and Anderson (1961). Other parameters of investigation used in exploratory methodology include population of the study, sampling, pilot study and experiments for adaptation of designs to textile fabrics using resist techniques. Three survey instruments were used in the study. The first one which is a questionnaire (Appendix II) was used for pilot and the second one Appendix III (A) questionnaire was used for collecting data of the fifteen traditional crafts of Southern Kaduna. The third one (Appendix III B questionnaire) was used for the assessment of the resist pieces of fabric produced from the modified traditional design motifs extracted from - 8 - the crafts of Southern Kaduna for comparison with those produced within the recent period. This was done by presenting the two motifs to a randomly selected sample of 117 respondents, comprising 51 lecturers and 66 textile students comprising 33 students each from the Fine and Applied Arts and Home Economics Departments of the Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan-Waya. The comparative assessment questionnaire is a five Likert scaled instrument. The randomly selected, modified, and adapted motifs used in this study are: 1. Nok-head which is a symbolic motif that articulates the artistic culture of Southern Kaduna. 2. Dangyet is a symbolic motif of women maturity and dignity. 3. Kikyak is a symbolic motif of weaving and peace. 4. Udung is a symbolic motif of crown of terracottas excellence 5. Chon is a symbol of sharpness and strength. Based on the analysis of the study, the following findings were made: 1. The production of traditional crafts in Southern Kaduna is on the downward trend. 2. Fifteen different crafts are still being practised in Southern Kaduna. 3. The traditional crafts of Southern Kaduna have symbolic motifs with traditional names and are adaptable on textile fabrics, using the resist techniques of fabric decoration. 4. Cultural and environmental factors such as festivals, annual cultural day celebrations, naming ceremonies, marriages, burial, initiation rites and aesthetic values are guiding the use of the traditional Southern Kaduna design motifs. 5. Print fabric and vat dyes are quite suitable for the practical adaptation of the Southern Kaduna design motifs on fabrics using the resist techniques. The general conclusion is that although the production of crafts in Southern Kaduna is on the downward trend, it is still being practised with symbolic motifs that are adaptable on fabric using resist techniques.
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    ADAPTING BUTTERFLY MOTIFS IN PAINTING
    (2000-10) OLARINDE, OLADESU JOHNSON
    The butterfly comprises more than 100,000 species. It has different colorful patterns on and beneath the wings for safety reasons. With every flapping of the wings, two different patterns are exposed at interval. The artist was influenced by this phenomenon. This has fundamental philosophical parallels in life. The wings of the butterfly therefore provide a fulcrum on which a profound philosophy in painting can evolve. A review of literature and works were carried out to show the contribution of some artists who have done similar work with butterflies. Collection of data was by means of studies, drawings and sketches from selected butterflies that were collected from the insect museum. It was also from photographs and illustrations in textbooks. Various sketches were later made and developed from the selected butterfly forms and motifs. These were translated into detailed analytical representational drawings and paintings. The study was categorized into two major stages but with two components each. a) Representational Stage i) Exploratory - flowers and butterflies in a landscape ii) Forms and motifs b) Developmental Stage i) Total transformation ii) Figural infusing Sixteen works were executed in the course of this research and presented as plates. The research recommends the need for modern artist to return to nature because nature provides for the studies of the elements and principles of design as well as for the understanding of some concepts in life.
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    ADAPTING INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF TYPOGRAPHIC AND PICTURE EDUCATION (ISOTYPE) WAY-FINDING DESIGN IN THE JOS METROPOLIS
    (2015-06) GYANG, Sunday Saje
    The renewed attempt by the Plateau State Government to further review the implementation of the Greater Jos Master Plan has made the opportunity for the inclusion of appropriate way-finding signs in to the entire design process imperative. This has given rise to this study, which is to determine whether the some existing Directional Signs in Jos metropolis conform to ISOTYPE (International System Of TYpographic Picture Education). ISOTYPEis a concept developed by Otto Neurath as a system of combining written text and symbols for effective communication at all levels of literacy. A total of 150 non literate and 132 literate persons and ten existing Directional Signs were selected using stratified random sampling procedure constituted the population of the study. A combination of survey and experimental design methods were used for the study. Questionnaires administered in interview sessions were used for data collection. Furthermore, symbol recognition test was administered to the respondents and the findings were used in redesigning directional signs for Jos metropolis. The results revealed that 88% of non-literate and 98% of literate respondents correctly identified symbols; only 10% of DS combined text and symbol, 30% symbol only, while 60% were text only. The study recommends combination of text and symbol as DS, and proper testing and education of symbols before putting them to use.
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    ADAPTING SOME SELECTED MOTIFS OF ZARIA WALL DECORATIONS FOR CERAMIC TILE DESIGNS AND PRODUCTION.
    (2014-03) MOHAMMED, RAKIYA SANI
    Modern and traditional Arts have established a developmental relationship in the history of creativity of art forms, with effect from the early man, in its quest for survival. The traditional arts are fading away but fewhave been translated into modern usage and the act of inculcating the concept from one generation to the other is diminishing. Some of the design experts, (lords or kings) of the traditional designs lacked that creativity of extending the art to other concept of contemporary modern designs. The focus of this study is to extract, experiment, incorporate integrate and adapt some selected Zaria traditional walldecorative motifs/symbols for the production of ceramic wall tiles. The study also embarked upon series of studio experiments at enhancing clay body that best fit into the production of the tiles on which the decorations were made. Again the study discusses the findings base on the results of the clay body experimented upon, plasticity test, shrinkage tests, glazing and firing,calculations for compressive strength and modulus of rupture of the tiles. The study concludes that tiles are used virtually everywhere. In homes, public places, schools, hospitals, etc all over the world and also tiles generally serve as a protection over dirty. The study finally made recommendation and suggestion for further research into the course of study.