VETERINARY MEDICINE

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Browsing VETERINARY MEDICINE by Subject "(ACANTHACEAE)"

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    EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITIES OFACANTHUS MONTANUS(ACANTHACEAE)LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL HELIGMOSOMOIDES BAKERI INFECTION IN MICE
    (2014-02) OSHADU, DAVID OMAGBE
    Acanthus montanusNees T. Anderson (Acanthaceae)has been employed in folk medicine for treatment of different kinds of ailment, but there is dearth of documented information on its folkloric and pharmacological activities against parasites.This study was designed to evaluate its anthelmintic property with the specific objectives of determining the phytochemical components, the maximum convenient concentrations (MCCs), maximum convenient doses (MCDs) and the lethal dose 50 (LD50); as well as evaluate the activity of the different portions of the leaf extract of the plant.In this study, pulverizedAcanthus montanusleafwas extracted and solvent-partitioned, yielding 25.58%, 31.42%, 11.58% and 3.00% weight by weight (w/w) of crude ethanol extract (CEE), aqueous (AQ), n-butanol (BUT) and chloroform (CHLO) portions respectively. All the portions excluding the chloroform portion were administered to worm-infected miceper os at dose rates of 1.2 g/kg, 1.4 g/kg, 1.7 g/kg and 2.0g/kg each for five successivedays and faecal samples collected for those days and analyzed. Mice were euthanized and the adult worm counted for rates of deparasitization. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data obtained. In mice experimentally infected with Heligmosomoidesbakeri, the aqueousportion did not cause significant deparasitization even at the highest dose rate of 2.0 g/kg compared to the distilled water-treated control group. The crude ethanol extract caused significant (p<0.05)deparasitization rates of 64.44% and 72.35% at the 1.7 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg dose levels respectively. The n-butanolportion caused significant deparasitization rates at all the four dose levels compared to figures from distilled water-treated control mice as well as those from mice treated with the aqueous or crude ethanol portion. The deparasitization rates obtained in n-butanol-treated mice were 67.06%, 86.17%, 91.11% and 97.04% at 1.2g/kg, 1.4 g/kg, 1.7 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg dose levels respectively. The 97.04% deparasitization produced by the 2.0 g/kg dose was not stastistically different (p>0.05) from the 100% deparasitization obtained using albendazole at the manufacturer‟s recommended dose of 10 mg/kg.Preliminary acute toxicity study revealed LD50 greater than 10,000 mg/kg. Gross and histopathologic findings in mice euthanized and necropsied were those of congestion, haemorrhages and necrosis of visceral organs. The major phytoconstituents present in leaf extract of A. montanuswere glycosides, unsaturated steroids and triterpenes, saponins, tannins and alkaloids. Condensed tannins (Rf value 0.53) is suspected to be responsible for the observed biological activity of the leaf extracts singly or in synergy with other phytocomponents isolated.Acanthus montanus therefore, possesses anthelmintic property.