VETERINARY MEDICINE

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Browsing VETERINARY MEDICINE by Author "ADAMU, Shu‟aibu Gidado"

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    PREVALENCE AND CO-OCCURRENCE OF BRUCELLA SPP AND COXIELLA BURNETII IN CATTLE, SHEEP AND GOATS IN MAIGANA AND BIRNIN GWARI AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
    (2018-02) ADAMU, Shu‟aibu Gidado
    A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of two related reproductive and zoonotic diseases namely brucellosis and Q-fever in cattle, sheep and goats in Maigana and Birnin Gwari Agro-ecological Zone of Kaduna State. A total of 1200 blood samples, consisting of 400 each from cattle, sheep and goats in settled and semi settled production systems were collected and screened for brucellosis using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and confirmed with competitive (c) and indirect (i) enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Brucella abortus and or B. melitensis and Coxiella burnetii infections. Herds or flock that tested positive with ELISA were retested 6 months later to detect the persistence of the organism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Background information on individual animal sampled and the herd was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed to detect associations and risk factors. The seroprevalence in cattle, sheep and goats were 18.5% (74/400) and 6.8% (27/400), 16.8% (67/400) and 10.8% (43/400), 12.0% (48/400) and 6.0% (24/400) for brucellosis respectively and 6.2% (25/400), 8.0% (32/400) and 8.8% (35/400) for Q fever in cattle, sheep and goats. There was statistically significant association between the species of the animals tested and the rates of infection of brucellosis and Q fever. Bivariate analysis showed female animals of all species tested were more seropositive for antibodies to Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii than males. Breed and age of cattle, sheep and goats were not statistically significant for seropositivity to Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii. Though, there was statistically significant association between the age of goat and the rate of infection with Q fever. Out of 16 (1.3%) that were positive for both brucellosis and Q fever, 2 (0.5%) were cattle, 7 (1.8%) goats and 16 (1.3%) sheep that has multiple infections/ co-infections of both brucellosis and Q fever. The thirteen LGAs sampled from Kaduna State, brucellosis and Q fever were found spatially distributed in 11 LGAs surveyed. Joint infections were found in 10 LGAs surveyed with the exception of Chikun, Kaduna North and Kaduna South LGAs. Out of the 36 herds that had history of abortion, with 21 (58.3%) was positive for Brucella by cELISA and 28 (77.8%) was positive for C. burnetii by iELISA. The 36 herds that herd history of abortion were retested after six month later, of the 21 positive from the herd with abortion, 12 (57.1%) was positive with PCR for Brucella and 2 (7.1%) was positive with PCR for C. burnetii which showed the persistence of Brucella and C. burnetii infections in the herds. Of the 25 flocks that had history of abortion,5 (20.0) was positive for C. burnetii, with 2/10 (20.0%) goats, and 3/10 (30.0%) sheep respectively. The study indicates that the two zoonotic diseases brucellosis and Q-fever exists with high prevalence particularly among female cattle, goats sheep, with goats older than 4 years being a high risk group for brucellosis in the study area. This presents a serious public health problem, calling for greater awareness amongst stakeholders and for coordinated active surveillance for the diseases among diverse cattle, sheep and goats populations in Nigeria. The two organisms were higher in females than in males and in the animals older than 4 years in the three animal species tested. Screening of domestic livestock for brucellosis and Q fever should be performed on regular basis and implementation of strict quarantine control programmes especially in dairy cattle and livestock farms / flocks of shee and goats. This study indicates that Brucella specie and Coxiella burnetii infections exist with high prevalence mainly among female and older cattle, sheep and goats, the disease can be considered as a potential risk for both susceptible animals and humans in the study area. This presents a serious public health problem, calling for greater awareness amongst stakeholders and for co-ordinated surveillance for the diseases among cattle, sheep and goats populations in Nigeria