PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PROPAGATION OF TOMATOES (Lycopersioon esculentua Mill.) BY SEED, VEGETATIVE STEM-CUTTINGS AND TISSUE CULTURE

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BAKO SUNDAY PAUL.pdf(11.23 MB)
Date
1990-08
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BAKO, SUNDAY PAUL
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Abstract
Experiments were carried out to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the performance of seed-propagated and stem cutting propagated tomato plants under varying levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, The effects of growth hormones on physiological and anatomical aspects of growth of stem-cutting propagated tomato and shoot-tip culture of the plant were also investigated. Planting and other cultural practices for tomato, recommended by the agricultural extension and Research Liaison Services (A.E.R.L.S.), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, were adopted in the experiments. Three rates of f e r t i l i z er (NPK 15.15.15) were applied as zero, 300 and 600kgNPK./ha. Stem-cutting propagated plants had a shorter life-span (6-7 weeks) and came to bearing earlier than seed-propagated plants (7-9 weeks), The zero and high f e r t i l i z e r levels (600kg NPK/ha) delayed flowering by 6 and 13 days respectively in seed-propagated plants. The zero f e r t i l i z e r treatment delayed flowering in stem-cutting propagated plants by 8 days. The rate of plant height increase was higher in stem-cutting propagated than seed-propagated plants during the f i r s t 14 days after transplanting (DAT) particularly for f e r t i l i z e r treated plants. Plant height at 42 DAT was significantly higher for seed-propagated and stem-cutting propagated plants for all farterlizer treatments, as compared to the unfertilized plants. Kegardless of mode of propagation, plant height at 42 DAT was in the order 600kg >300kg >OkgNPK/ha. Auxin treatments did not have a significant effect on plant height. Dry matter increase was generally but not significantly (P = 0.05/ higher in seed-propagated plants (between 28-42 DAT) than in stem-cutting propagated plants, for all fertilizer treatments. While f e r t i l i z e r treatments significantly increased DM production, auxin levels did not. - vilt - Tissue auxin increased steadily with age in plants not treated with fertilizer but fluctuated in treated plants with peaks at 3 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and 5 WAT. Higher activity was in 300KgNPK/ha treatments at 5 WAT, At 6 WAT highest a c t i v i ty was in the no - fertilizer treatment. Total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) was significantly higher in plants with no f e r t i l i z e r than for either 300kg and 600kgNPK/ha throughout the study period. This increased steadily with age and was highest at 6 WAT for untreated and 300kgNPK/ha treated plants, although for the l a t t e r category and 600kgNPK/ha treatments, TSC fluctuated with age. Plant tissue N level was lowest in plants given no f e r t i l i z e r - It increased steadily and significantly up to 6 WAT for non-fertilizer and 600kgNPK/ha treated plants. In 300kgNPK/ha treated plants, it fluctuated with age, but had i t s highest level at 6 WAT. Carbohydrate: Nitrogen r a t i o (CHO:N) was generally lowest for 600kgNPK/ha treatments, followed by 300kgNPK/ha and highest for untreated plants throughout the study period. Generally, IAA gave the e a r l i e s t and most uniform rooting response than other auxin treatments and untreated controls regardless of f e r t i l i z e r levels. For a l l f e r t i l i z e r levels, IAA at 0.05g/l gave the e a r l i e s t rooting, highest number and length of roots followed by IAA at 0.1g/l. For IAA/KAA treatments, rooting response was e a r l i e s t at 0.02£g/l. This concentration also generally gave the highest number and length of roots. For NAA treatments, rooting response and root number were e a r l i e s t and highest in 300kgNPK/ha at 0.10g/l. Root lengths were highest in 300kgMPK/ha and 0.05g/l. Generally, 300kgKPK/ha treatments gave better rooting response regardless of auxin treatments. High rooting - ix • percentages (80 - 100% ) were recorded for all fertilizer and auxin levels. Adventitious roots originated from per-formed parenchymatous root initial cell clumps in the cortex. Seed-propagated plants had higher mean number and weight of fruits than stem-cutting propagated plants for all fertilizer and auxin treatments. Auxin levels did not significantly affect fruit number or size. The pattern of response in terms of fruit number at first harvest was 600kg> 300kg>0kgNPK/ha for seed-propagated plants and stem-cutting propagated plants. Fruit weight was 300kg>600kg>OkgNPK/ha for seed-propagated plants and 600 kg> 300kg>OkgNPK/ha for stem-cutting propagated plants. Fruit weight decreased significantly with harvest date for all fertilizer and auxin treatments as well as modes of propagation. Fruits from seed-propagated plants took 7 ± 1 days to 50% full ripening, while those from stem-cutting propagated plants remained unripened (orange-yellow) up to 12 days. Seeds extracted from fruits of seed-propagated plants were heavier and had higher percentage germination (86.7%) than seeds from stem-cutting propagated plants (23.33%'). Shoot-tips aseptically cultured on Murashige and Skoal (MS) medium, pH 5.8 at 4000 lux light intensity, 27°C and 16 hours photo-period, gave the best root regeneration and shoot growth response at IBA/K (insole-butyric acid/Kinetin) 10.0/0.01uM. Callus formation was prominent at IBA/K, 1.0/0.1uM. Shoot growth was good at 0.1/1.0UM IBA/K, but root regeneration and callus formation were poor. 2,4-D was generally unsuitable for shoot-tip culture, causing injury and death probably due to its phytotoxicity
Description
A thesis submitted to the Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Scienoe (M.Sc.) in Botany (Plant Propagation) Faculty of Science Department of Biological Scienoes Ahmadu Bello University Zaria AUGUST, 1990
Keywords
PHYSIOLOGICAL,, ANATOMICAL,, CONSIDERATIONS,, PROPAGATION,, TOMATOES,, (Lycopersioon esculentua Mill,, SEED,, VEGETATIVE,, STEM-CUTTINGS,, TISSUE CULTURE
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http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/323
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SCIENCE