DEVELOPMENT OF FORMAL IN INACTIVATED OIL EMULSION ND VACCINE
DEVELOPMENT OF FORMAL IN INACTIVATED OIL EMULSION ND VACCINE
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Date
2014-10-14
Authors
NATHANIEL, NDAMADU SHIDALI
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Abstract
Eight Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates
were examined for use in the production of inactivated
oil emulsion vaccine (IOEV). The NDV Lasota (lentogenic
strain) and NDV Komarov (mesogenic strain) were found
most suitable.
A 1:1000 concentration of formalin was optimal for
the inactivation of these viruses. The adjuvant effect
of palm oil, groundnut oil and liquid paraffin were
investigated and liquid paraffin was found to induce
the best adjuvant effect. The IOEV produced from
the lentogenic and mesogenic viruses consisted of
equal volumes of the virus antigens and the oil adjuvant.
It was stable and potent for more than 1 year at 22
- 25°C and 4°C and for at least 4 months at 37°c"
A 0.4 ml dose IOEV containing 2 xlO16 EID50 or 640-1280
haemagglutination titre of the virus gave the best
serological response and protection in chickens.
A schedule consisting of priming the chikens at one
day old with NDVE1 before vaccination with IOEV subcutaneously
at 3 weeks was developed. Chickens vaccinated
with IOEV produced 5 times more HI antibodies when
compared with current live vaccines. When the chickens
were challenged with 5 virulent isolates from different
parts of the country 16 weeks after IOEV vaccination,
98% of them were protected compared to 76% protection
in chicken vaccinated with live vaccines. Progeny
of TOEV vaccinated parents were found to have enough
-viiiprotective
maternal antibody for upto 3 weeks.
'Egusi1 oil used in place of the imported Arlacel
A as an emulsifier in the production of IOEV gave
a more stable emulsion. Birds vaccinated with IOEV
containing 'Egusi' oil emulsifier induced serological
response and protection similar to those vaccinated
with IOEV containing Arlacel A.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA
Keywords
DEVELOPMENT,, INACTIVATED OIL,, EMULSION ND VACCINE