DEVELOPMENT OF FORMAL IN INACTIVATED OIL EMULSION ND VACCINE

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Date
2014-10-14
Authors
NATHANIEL, NDAMADU SHIDALI
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Abstract
Eight Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were examined for use in the production of inactivated oil emulsion vaccine (IOEV). The NDV Lasota (lentogenic strain) and NDV Komarov (mesogenic strain) were found most suitable. A 1:1000 concentration of formalin was optimal for the inactivation of these viruses. The adjuvant effect of palm oil, groundnut oil and liquid paraffin were investigated and liquid paraffin was found to induce the best adjuvant effect. The IOEV produced from the lentogenic and mesogenic viruses consisted of equal volumes of the virus antigens and the oil adjuvant. It was stable and potent for more than 1 year at 22 - 25°C and 4°C and for at least 4 months at 37°c" A 0.4 ml dose IOEV containing 2 xlO16 EID50 or 640-1280 haemagglutination titre of the virus gave the best serological response and protection in chickens. A schedule consisting of priming the chikens at one day old with NDVE1 before vaccination with IOEV subcutaneously at 3 weeks was developed. Chickens vaccinated with IOEV produced 5 times more HI antibodies when compared with current live vaccines. When the chickens were challenged with 5 virulent isolates from different parts of the country 16 weeks after IOEV vaccination, 98% of them were protected compared to 76% protection in chicken vaccinated with live vaccines. Progeny of TOEV vaccinated parents were found to have enough -viiiprotective maternal antibody for upto 3 weeks. 'Egusi1 oil used in place of the imported Arlacel A as an emulsifier in the production of IOEV gave a more stable emulsion. Birds vaccinated with IOEV containing 'Egusi' oil emulsifier induced serological response and protection similar to those vaccinated with IOEV containing Arlacel A.
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA
Keywords
DEVELOPMENT,, INACTIVATED OIL,, EMULSION ND VACCINE
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