ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC POTENTIAL OFVITEX DONIANAETHANOLEXTRACTS ON POLOXAMER 407 INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC AND NORMAL RATS
ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC POTENTIAL OFVITEX DONIANAETHANOLEXTRACTS ON POLOXAMER 407 INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC AND NORMAL RATS
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Date
2014-09
Authors
SHENENI, VICTOR DUNIYA
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Abstract
Anti-hyperlipidemic potential of extracts (aqueous, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and
70%, acetone) of Vitexdoniana leaves, stem bark and root bark on poloxamer 407
induced hyperlipidemic and normal rats was investigated. Phytochemical screening of the
extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and
tannins in the leaves, stem bark and root bark. The average total polyphenol contents of
the leaves ethanol (36.11±3.13mg/g gallic acid) and methanol (35.75±1.72mg/g gallic
acid) extracts were significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared with that of acetone and
aqueous extracts. The IC50of the leaves ethanol extract (0.227mg/ml) was lowerthan that
ofstem bark ethanol extract (0.236mg/ml) and root ethanol extract (0.561mg/ml).
Screening the extracts for the most potent anti-hyperlipidemicactivityreveals that
ethanolic extracts of root bark and leaveshas the highest percentage reduction of total
cholesterol (51.98%) and triacylglycerol (50.75%) respectively. The most abundant
phytochemical in the most potent extract is flavonoid (4.605±0.077%) in the leaves and
the least is tanins (0.035±0.008%) in the root bark extract. The LD50 of both leaves and
stem bark was greater than 5000mg/kg body weight and that of root bark was 948.68
mg/kg body weight. Hyperlipidemic control rats significantly (p<0.05) increased total
Cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol (TAG), Low density lipoprotein (LDL-c)
andsignificantly (p<0.05) decreased High density lipoprotein (HDL-c) compared to other
groups.Atherogenic risk factor of all induced treated rats shows a significant (p<0.05)
lower levels of LDL-c/HDL-c, Log (TAG/HDL-c) and significant (p<0.05) higher level
of HDL-c /TC ratio. There was no significant (p>0.05) change between normal control
rats and normal treated rats in lipid profile parameters and atherogenic indices. The level
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of liver marker enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) and liver function parameter (TB, IB) were
significantly (p<0.05)higher, and lower (TB, DB) in hyperlipidemic control groups
compared to all other groups. The invivo antioxidant activity shows a significantly
(p<0.05) higher level of TBARS and a significant (p<0.05) lower level of SOD and CAT
in hyperlipidemic groups when compared to all treated groups. In both liver and kidney,
the leaves and stem bark extract significantly (p<0.05) lowers levels of TBARS of normal
control rats compared to normal treated and all induced treated groups. All the
extractsactivity in the liver and leaves extract in the kidney of normal rats show a
significant higher level of CAT compared with other treated groups. The study shows that
vitexdonianapossesses anti-hyperlipidemic potential.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
Keywords
ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC POTENTIAL,, VITEX DONIANAETHANOLEXTRACTS,, POLOXAMER 407,, INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC,, NORMAL RATS