GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED UTILIZATION OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (TEUGELS) FED DIFFERENT DIETARY LEVELS OF SOAKED BAUHINIA MONANDRA (LINN.) SEED MEAL AND SUN-DRIED LOCUST MEAL (SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA)
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED UTILIZATION OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (TEUGELS) FED DIFFERENT DIETARY LEVELS OF SOAKED BAUHINIA MONANDRA (LINN.) SEED MEAL AND SUN-DRIED LOCUST MEAL (SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA)
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Date
2011-06
Authors
BALOGUN, BOSE IBILOYE
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Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of soaked Bauhinia seed meal
(Bauhinia monandra Linn.) and sun-dried locust meal as alternative protein sources for
Clarias gariepinus and to determine whether the use of such unconventional diets could
help in reducing the overhead cost of feed inputs in aquaculture. The proximate analysis of
the diet, carcass composition of fish, amino acid assay and anti-nutrients were determined
using standard methods. Data for each parameter were subjected to analysis of variance
(ANOVA) while means of results were compared at 5% level of significance. A
preliminary study was conducted to determine the processing method that reduced antinutrients
to the minimum level. Boiled, toasted and soaked seeds were used. Soaked
Bauhinia seed meal (SBSM) was discovered to have maximum reduction of anti-nutrients.
The result of the proximate and anti-nutrients analysis differed significantly (P<0.05) in all
the methods. Two experimental diets were formulated to contain SBSM and locust meal
(LM) at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of the total dietary protein. All diets were isonitrogenous
(40% crude protein) and isocaloric (3212kcal/kg). A 12 weeks feeding trial was conducted
using juveniles which were randomly distributed among 24 improvised non-recirculatory
and semi-flow through indoor plastic tanks of 52cm X 34cm X 33.5cm at a stocking rate
of 10 fish per tank and three (3) replicates per treatment. The experimental design was
complete randomized. The fish were fed at 5% body weight, twice daily. Diets with higher
inclusion levels of SBSM and LM (diets 3 and 4) significantly depressed growth
performance of fish [Specific growth rate (SGR): 1.48, 0.22] and SGR (0.57 and 0.56)
respectively in both groups compared to diet 1, 2 and 5 (1.67, 0.85 and 1.84) respectively
for both groups. The relative levels of anti-nutrients present in SBSM diet after processing
may have contributed to the poorer growth performance of these groups, while the
presence of chitin may have contributed to poorer growths in the group of fish fed LM.
The results suggested that SBSM and LM can be used to substitute up to 25% levels of
dietary protein in C. gariepinus juveniles without significant reduction in growth. The
results of the specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency
ratio (FER), apparent net protein utilization (ANPU), protein efficiency ratio (PER),
condition factor (K) and the percentage survival ratio (PSR) were significantly different
(P<0.05) in both experimental diets. Based on the relative cost of diets per unit weight
gain and protein gain, diet 2 (25% SBSM and 25% LM) were most economical. The
variations observed in the SGR, FCR, FER, ANPU, GFCE and PER were associated with
the anti-nutrients present in the diets, these parameters reduced with increasing levels of
SBSM and LM in the diets of fish. Therefore, more investigations need to be carried out to
determine feasible and simple methods for inactivating/reducing the anti-nutrients for
efficient inclusion of SBSM and LM in practical diet for C. gariepinus at higher levels.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE
SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD
OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D FISHERIES)
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA,
NIGERIA.
JUNE, 2011
Keywords
PERFORMANCE,, FEED UTILIZATION,, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS,, TEUGELS,, DIETARY LEVELS,, SOAKED BAUHINIA MONANDRA,, SEED MEAL,, SUN-DRIED LOCUST MEAL,, SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA.