GYPSUM IN THE DUKAMAJE AND DANGE FORMATIONS SOUTHEAST OF THE RIMA RIVER, SOKOTO BASIN NIGERIA
GYPSUM IN THE DUKAMAJE AND DANGE FORMATIONS SOUTHEAST OF THE RIMA RIVER, SOKOTO BASIN NIGERIA
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Date
1989-07
Authors
AGBATA, PATRICK C.
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Abstract
The area covered by this project is located on the
the southeast bank of the Rina River a r e a of the Sokoto Basin.
Gypsum occurs in the Sokoto Basin in the b r a c k i s h water
Dukamaje and t h e marine Dange Formations of Mastrichtian
and Upper Paleocene ages respectivelly.
Gypsum occurs in fibrous forms as discontinous thin in
beds and veins , inseparable , and as minute disseminate
crystals ; it also occurs as large sscale nitecrystals .
X-ray diffractometry of clay mineral in shale and
fluid inconcusion tudies in gypsum indicate e an alkaline ne
reducing environment for the Dukamaje and Danmage
Formations and a low temperature (40°C) of gypsum
formation respectivelly . Chemical analysis of the
gypsum from Dukamaje and Dange Formations shows t h at
t h e Ca:Mg ratio is 12:1 and 14:1 respectivelly . This
ratio indicate that the fluids that formed gypsum are
marine in orign and were later central a genetically
to form gypsum once the solubility product was exceeded.
A dianamic mode of orgin is proposed for the
gypsum in the study a r e a based on the above data . This
involes a continue diffusion of SO2 - ions into sediments
from the overlying seawater and the diss ion of
Carbonate particles which releases Ca2+ ions, thus
increasing the concentrations of Ca2+ and SO2- ions in
the sediments. Gravitational compaction, evidenced by
the presence of two lignite seams in the Taloka
Formation at Taloka village, further increased the Ca2+
and SO2- ions concentrations by ion filteration through
charged-net clay membranes. Both the Ca2+ and SO2- ions
combined to form gypsum once the solubility product of
this mineral was exceeded.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE (GEOLOGY)
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA
JULY, 1989.
Keywords
GYPSUM,, DUKAMAJE,, DANGE,, FORMATIONS,, SOUTHEAST,, RIMA RIVER,, SOKOTO BASIN,, NIGERIA.