IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND BLOOD CLOTTING POTENTIALS OF METHANOL EXTRACTS OF FRESH LEAVES OF Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum gratissimum AND Ocimum suave
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND BLOOD CLOTTING POTENTIALS OF METHANOL EXTRACTS OF FRESH LEAVES OF Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum gratissimum AND Ocimum suave
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Date
2016-02
Authors
ABDULWAHAB, RABIAT
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Abstract
The genus Ocimum is ranked high and considered one of the important genus of the
lamiaceae family due to the extensive use of many of its specie in traditional medicine.
The plants extracts are used traditionally for the treatment and management of several
diseases such as infections of the skin, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, nasal
bleeding, headache, diarrhea, wart, worms, kidney function, anticonvulsant, cough,
catarrh, cold, fever and chest pains. The DPPH method was used to evaluate the in vitro
free radical scavenging activities of the plant extracts. Standard methods were used to
study the phytochemical constituents, isolation and identification of active compounds
as well as the study of the effect of the plants extracts on blood clotting. The
preliminary phytochemistry revealed the presence of several phytochemicals such as
flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, anthraquinone, carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides
and triterpenes. The quantitative phytochemistry showed that all the plants have
flavonoids and saponin in abundance with methanol extract of O. basilicum registering
the highest percentage of 88.28% and 72.38% respectively. The aqueous extract of O.
basilicum registered the lowest percentage of flavonoid (54.84%) while the aqueous
extract of O. suave had lowest saponin (13.47%). Tannins were less abundant in all the
plant extracts. The Radical Scavenging Activities of the extracts revealed that the
methanol fraction of O. basilicum has more activity when compared to other extracts as
it had the lowest IC50 of 0.58mg/ml. The GC-MS analysis of the chromatographic
fractions obtained from the fractionation of O. basilicum provided peaks of different
bioactive compounds showing 9-Octadecenal, 1-fluorodecane and 4-methyl-1-decene as
the major compounds constituting 37.93%, 11.96% and 10.88% respectively in fraction
1 while the major compounds identified in fraction 2 were Heptanoic acid 2-methyl-2butyl
ester (32.21%), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)- (27.77%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (19.10%). The effect of the plants extract on clotting time revealed that the methanolic
extracts of O. basilicum and O. suave are potent blood coagulant as they had clotting
time similar to the standards used for the study. The study has validated the traditional
use of O. basilicum, O. gratissimum and O. suave in the treatment of several diseases. It
also shows that the use of the plant extracts in the treatment and management of nasal
bleeding and wound healing is accurate.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN
BIOCHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA
Keywords
VITRO ANTIOXIDANT,, BLOOD CLOTTING POTENTIALS,, METHANOL EXTRACTS,, FRESH LEAVES,, Ocimum basilicum,, Ocimum gratissimum,, Ocimum suave,