DETOXIFICATION AND ANTI-NUTRIENT REDUCTION OF JATROPHA CURCAS SEED CAKE BY FERMENTATION USING BACILLUS SPECIES
DETOXIFICATION AND ANTI-NUTRIENT REDUCTION OF JATROPHA CURCAS SEED CAKE BY FERMENTATION USING BACILLUS SPECIES
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Date
2016-05
Authors
FAJINGBESI, AMINAT OLUWADAMILOLA
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Abstract
Jatropha curcas seed cake is a by-product generated from the oil extraction of J. curcas seed- a biodiesel producing plant‘s seed. Although, the seed cake contains a high level of protein, it has Phorbol ester and some anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid, saponin, lectin and trypsin inhibitor making it not to be applied directly in the food or animal feed industries. This study was aimed at detoxifying the toxin and reducing the anti-nutritional factors in J. curcas seed cake by fermentation using Bacillus species. Three Bacillus strains (Bacillus coagulans, Paenibacillus macerans, Paenibacillus polymyxa) 1.0 × 108 cells MacFarland‘s standard per 100ml were used in the study. The seed cake used for the detoxification was extracted both manually and with the use of a machine. This fermentation was carried out on 10g of seed cake in 100ml of distilled water for 5 days with submerged fermentation. Temperature (270 C, 300 C and 370 C), pH (4.5, 6.5, 8.5) and Time (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 120 h) were also varied. After fermentation the toxin and anti-nutritional factor level was determined. Results showed that Paenibacillus macerans was able to degrade the toxin and reduce the anti-nutritional factors in the seed cake more than the other two. After fermentation phorbol ester A and B, phytic acid, saponin, lectin and trypsin inhibitor were reduced by 76.4 %, 99.3 %, 56.3 %, 43.6 %, 58.8 % and 64.9 % respectively. The reduction may be due to the activities of esterase, phytase and protease enzymes. Jatropha curcas seed cake was detoxified by bacterial fermentation using the three Bacillus strains and the rich protein fermented seed cake could be potentially used as animal feed.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT TO THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
DETOXIFICATION,, ANTI-NUTRIENT,, JATROPHA CURCAS,, FERMENTATION,, BACILLUS SPECIES