STATUS OF HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS AND ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC IgA, igM AND igG CLASS AND SUBCLASS ANTIBODIES AND CIRCULATING EOSINOPHILS IN CLINICAL ONCHOCERCIASIS PATIENTS FROM KACHIA LGA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA. BY MARCH,

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dc.contributor.authorHUDU, OKANKHAMAME OSUE
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-06T09:16:27Z
dc.date.available2014-02-06T09:16:27Z
dc.date.issued1996-03
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,ZARIA,IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN SCIENCEen_US
dc.description.abstractFrom an estimated population of 1400 people in 6 villages made up of mostly non-migrant farmers, 531 of the 900 persons aged >15 years were skin snipped and examined for onchocerciasis related dermal and ocular lesions. 201 (37.9%) and 77 (14.5%) had microfilariae (mf) in one or both iliac crest skin snips and palpable nodule (N) respectively. The geometric mean mf load or community mf load (CMFL) per skin snip for those aged 20 years and above was 1.54 while the mean mf density (MFD) was 6.7±17.6 with a range of 0-345. The mf and N prevalence rates were 41.8% and 13.9% in the male cohort (n-237) and 34.8% and 15% in the female cohort (n-294). Infection intensity based on MFD were 7.4±16 and 6.2±18.8 respectively. Those with one or more dermal and ocular pathology were 10.2% and 5.8%, while papular onchodermatitis (6.9%) and optic nerve disease (OND) or pale disc (4.5%) were apparently the most predominant clinical disorders. Parasitologic and clinical manifestations increased with increasing age. The absence of obstructive lymphatic disease and low blindness rate, 7 (1.3%) in one eye and 2 cases involving both eyes could be an indication that the disease state is in a nascent endemic phase. Antibody responses to female adult worms of Onchocerca volvulus SDS-extracted crude antigens, recombinant DNA antigen coded Ov.1.9, and antigenic epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies designated Cam8, Cam22 and Cam28 were tested in both indirect and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA). Cases (n-95) with proven parasitologic or clinical evidences had the highest mean optical density (OD) value of 0.58±0.15, 0.38±0.12, 0.34±0.10 and 0.43±0.12 for IgG, lgG1, lgG3 and lgG4 antibodies against the x iv SDS extract compared to control group (n-7) with corresponding values of 0.12±0.03, 0.06±0.04, 0.06±0.05 and 0.04±0.05. Reactivity of sera varied with infection status. About 35%, 71% and 86% of infection sera inhibited binding of Cam8, Cam22 and Cam28 mAbs to SDS extract. Patients with chronic skin diseases (n-20) had more antibody levels in contrast to those manifesting OND (n-12): 0.65±0.14 vs 0.50±0.13 and 0.33±0.08 vs 0.28±0.10 for IgG and lgG3 response to SDS extract and 0.64±0.22 vs 0.48±0.25 for IgG against Ov1.9. A similar pattern was recorded for percentage Cam22 and Cam28 inhibitions. But for blood eosinophil levels the reverse was the case with 3.7±7.2 and 524.5*501.0 vs 11.3%±7 and 766.9±557.6 of differential and absolute counts. A combination of high eosinophil and low antibody levels that characterise OND group may not be an epiphenomenal occurrence. A follow-up of 32 patients 2 months post-initial ivermectin treatment showed a slightly remarkable change in IgG antibody against SDS-extract from 0.53±0.15 to 0.68*0.13 equivalent to mean percentage change of 20.5%±29.6 in patients with skin changes (n-18). Post-treatment antibody changes were more in N+ or low MFD (<19.5 mf/ skin snip) than N and high MFD (>20mf/skin snip). A percentage change >10% was recorded in 16 (50%) and 7 (21.9%) for IgG against SDS-extract and Ovl.9 while increase in inhibition was more in Cam22 followed by Cam8 and least in Cam28. Serodiagnostic sensitivity of IgG was by far higher than those of IgA and IgM, but only slight differences between the isotypes (lgG1, lgG3 and lgG4) with 98%, 37% and 36% respectively. Further evaluation of the specificity of the assays is recommended.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/369
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectSTATUSen_US
dc.subjectHUMANen_US
dc.subjectONCHOCERCIASISen_US
dc.subjectONCHOCERCAen_US
dc.subjectVOLVULUS ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC IgA,en_US
dc.subjectigM AND igG CLASSen_US
dc.subjectSUBCLASS ANTIBODIESen_US
dc.subjectCIRCULATING EOSINOPHILSen_US
dc.subjectCLINICALen_US
dc.subjectONCHOCERCIASISen_US
dc.subjectPATIENTSen_US
dc.subjectKACHIA LGAen_US
dc.subjectKADUNA STATEen_US
dc.subjectNIGERIAen_US
dc.titleSTATUS OF HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS AND ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC IgA, igM AND igG CLASS AND SUBCLASS ANTIBODIES AND CIRCULATING EOSINOPHILS IN CLINICAL ONCHOCERCIASIS PATIENTS FROM KACHIA LGA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA. BY MARCH,en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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