STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF AZADIRACTA INDICA SEED EXTRACT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF NORMOGLYCEMIC AND STREPTOZOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS
STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF AZADIRACTA INDICA SEED EXTRACT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF NORMOGLYCEMIC AND STREPTOZOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS
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Date
2006-09
Authors
TANKO, YUSUF
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Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Azadiracta Indica seed extract
on blood glucose levels of streptozocin-induced diabetic and normoglycemic
Wistar rats.
An acute toxicity studies of the extract Azadiracta Indica was done,
the result of the acute toxicity study showed that the extract had an LD50
3000mg/kg bodyweight via intraperitoneal route in Wistar rats.
A preliminary phytochemical screening was done which revealed the
presence of flavonoids tannins, glycerin, cholesterol, steroids alkaloids
saponin, triterpenoid and reducing sugar. After which the three doses
(500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 1500mg/kg bodyweight) of the extract were
administered to streptozocin-induced diabetic and normoglycemic Wistar
rats. The effects of the extract on blood glucose levels of the animal were
compared with untreated control and Biphasic Isophane Insulin treated
groups.
In the streptozocin-induced diabetic groups, there was no significant
change in the blood glucose levels after 1 hour of extract treatment in all the
groups given different doses. After 3 hours there was a significant decrease
(P<0.05) in the group when given 1000mg/kg bodyweight of the extract
compared to the untreated control. After 5 and 7 hours there was a
significant decrease (P<0.05) in the groups given 500 and 1000mg/kg
bodyweight of extract when compared to untreated control.
However after 1 and 3 hours there was no significant change in the
blood glucose levels when compared to the insulin- treated group. After 5
and 7 hours there was only significant increase (P<0.05) in the group given
1500mg/kg bodyweight of the extract when compared to insulin- treated
group .
In the normoglycemic groups there was no significant change in the
blood glucose levels for all the groups that were given different doses, after
1 hour of extract administration compared to the control. After 3 hours there
was a significant decrease in group given 500mg/kg of extract when
compared to control group. However after 5 and 7 hours there was a
significant decrease in the groups given 500 and 1000mg/kg bodyweight of
extract when compared to the control group. In regard to group given
1500mg/kg bodyweight of the extract all the results revealed no significant
change in the blood glucose levels when compared to control untreated.
However after 1hour there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the groups
given 1000mg/kg of the extract when compared to the insulin-treated group.
After 3 hours there was a significant increase in the group given 500 and
1000mg/kg bodyweight when compared to insulin group. However after 5
and 7 hours there was a highly significant increase (P<0.001) in all the
groups given the three doses when compared to insulin-treated group .
The histopathological effects on the pancreas of the streptozocininduced
diabetic Wistar rats revealed focal areas of necrosis and degenerated
pancreatic cells, while the livers revealed congested blood vessel of the
hepatic cells. In the normoglycemic groups, there were no any observable
microscopic lesion in the pancreas
These results show that the extract of Azadiracta Indica has a blood
glucose lowering effects in both streptozocin-treated and normoglycemic
Wistar rats. This may be due to insulin like action of the extract of
Azadiracta Indica seed on the peripheral tissues as well as stimulation of the
β-cell.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE
SCHOOL,AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,ZARIA IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY.
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,ZARIA.
Keywords
STUDY,, EFFECTS,, AZADIRACTA,, INDICA SEED,, EXTRACT,, BLOOD,, GLUCOSE,, LEVELS,, NORMOGLYCEMIC,, STREPTOZOCIN-INDUCED,, DIABETIC,, WISTAR RATS