PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTHELMINTHIC EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM THREE NIGERIAN CITRUS VARIETIES ON ASCARIDIA GALLI

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dc.contributor.authorSHAIBU, Isaac Eleojo
dc.date.accessioned2016-04-28T09:25:08Z
dc.date.available2016-04-28T09:25:08Z
dc.date.issued2015-12
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA.en_US
dc.description.abstractThe use of plant materials as source of remedy to diseases and health problems like parasitic infections is a traditional practice still in wide use throughout developing countries ,which formed the basis of this research aimed at studing the Anthelminthic potentials of Essential Oils from three citrus varieties: - Citrus limon, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus sinensis on Ascaridia galli was investigated. Essential oils from these citrus peels contain different phytochemicals. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of peels oils in the different Citrus varieties revealed:- Citrus aurantifolia; Alkaloids (0.26±0.04 μg/100g), flavonoids (0.24±0.04 μg/100g), tannins (0.06±0.02 μg/100g), saponins (0.13±0.03 μg/100g) and steroids (0.23±0.05 μg/100g), Citrus limon; alkaloids (0.21±0.03 μg/100g), flavonoids (0.27±0.03 μg/100g), tannins (0.06±0.03 μg/100g), saponins (0.21±0.05 μg/100g) and steroids (0.25±0.04 μg/100g) and Citrus sinensis alkaloids (0.32±0.06 μg/100g), flavonoids (0.15±0.04 μg/100g), tannins (0.10±0.01 μg/100g), saponins (0.11±0.03 μg/100g) and steroids (0.21±0.01 μg/100g)at (P≤0.05) significance. The GC-MS analysis of essential oils from the three Citrus varieties revealed proposed components from both fractions:- hydrodistilled fractions gave the following numbers of compounds {Citrus sinensis (Thirteen), Citrus auriantifolia (Fourteen) and Citrus limon (Eighteen)} while N-hexane gave {Citrus sinensis fractions (Ten), Citrus auriantifolia (Eighteen) and Citrus limon (Twelve)} respectively. Limonene, β-Myrcene, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, p-menth-1-en-8-ol, β-Linalool, β-Citronellol, cis-Geraniol, Trans-Geraniol, α-Farnesene, β-Farnesene, γ-Elemene are the most prominent. Limonene is both prominent and common component in the three species. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) result from both fractions of the three Citrus varieties shows similar functional groups: Alkyl halide, Alkenes, Ethers, Alcohol, Alkyls, Aromatic compounds, Amides, Acyl chlorides, Aldehydes, Nitriles, Carboxylic acids, Alkanes and Amines.Estimation xv revealed least LC50 and LC90 for larvicidal activities in C. limon (0.066 μg/100g) and C. aurantifolia (1.394 μg/100g) respectively for hydrodistlled fraction and C. sinensis (0.403 μg/100g) and C. aurantifolia (0.644) respectively for N-hexane fractions. For most effective ovicidal activities, the least LC50 and LC90 were obtained in C. sinensis (0.089 μg/100g) and C. limon (0.712 μg/100g) respectively for hydrodistilled fraction and for N-hexane fractions as C. limon (0.147 μg/100g) and C.limon (30.750μg/100g) respectively. In-vitro anthelminthic study of hydrodistilled and N-hexane fractions of Citrus peels essential oils on larvae and eggs of Ascaridia galli, demonstrated a dose dependant anthelminthic activities compared with Piperazine citrate. Essential oils were applied at three concentrations. 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5μg/ ml in phosphate buffer saline plus 80% of DMSO as emulsifier. The best dose dependant effect on larvae mortality and prevention of egg hatchability at 50% and 90% as LC50 and LC90 (μg/ml) of the three Citrus peels Oils were recorded. These results show that essential oils extracted from Citrus sinensis, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus limon L have anthelminthic properties on both larvae and ova of Ascaridia galli.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7791
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectPHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION,en_US
dc.subjectANTHELMINTHIC EFFECTS,en_US
dc.subjectESSENTIAL OILS,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIAN CITRUS VARIETIES,en_US
dc.subjectASCARIDIA GALLI,en_US
dc.titlePHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTHELMINTHIC EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM THREE NIGERIAN CITRUS VARIETIES ON ASCARIDIA GALLIen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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