DETERMINATION OF WATER POLLUTION USING CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) OXIDATIVE STRESS ENYZMES AS BIOMARKERS IN TATSAWARKI STREAM, KANO
DETERMINATION OF WATER POLLUTION USING CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) OXIDATIVE STRESS ENYZMES AS BIOMARKERS IN TATSAWARKI STREAM, KANO
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Date
2017-01
Authors
ABDULLATEEF, Habibat
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Abstract
The role of water is indispensable in the sustainability of life. Tatsawarki stream is the main source of water for most inhabitants of kano-central. Physicochemical parameters of Tatsawarki stream and biomarkers oxidative strees in Clarias gariepinus from the stream were investigated for 8-months (November, 2015 to June, 2016). Water samples were collected from five sampling Stations. All parameters were determined using standard methods. Heavy metals (Pb, Cr, and Fe) were determined in both water samples and fish tissues (liver, kidney and gill) of caged and free- roaming Clarias sp, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. CAT, GSH, MDA, and SOD and Vitamin C and E were determined in the fish tissues. Temperature (25.33± 4.600C), pH (8.30± 0.42), Total alkalinity (76.81±56.21mg/l.CaCO3), BOD (0.44±0.66mg/l), Chloride (6.28±4.69mg/l), Nitrate-nitrogen (19.53± 4.50mg/l) and Phosphate-phosphorous (1.55±0.62mg/l) fell within permissible limits for survival of aquatic organisims. High EC (1729.31±540.35μS/cm), TDS (841.06±265.83mg/l), Sulphate (245± 100.71mg/l) in Station 2, could be attributed to organic effluents. Low mean DO (1.01±1.03mg/l) in all the Stations during the study period could be associated to indiscrimante waste water disposal mechanisims by the inhabitants around the stream. The trend of accumulation of heavy metal in water is Iron > Lead > Chromium, however Chromium was not detected in the stream’s water. The presence of chromium in the fish tissues was attributed to bioaccumulation of metals by the fish. There was a significant difference in total protein, non-enzymatic (Glutathione, Vitamin C and Vitamin E), and enzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers (CAT, MDA, SOD). The increase in MDA in gill (388.40±312.51nmoles/mg protein), kidney (466.30±340.75nmoles/mg protein), and liver (422.57±357.51 nmoles/mg protein) can be associated to presence of oxidative stress in the stream. Pathological alterations (deformation, diffusion and degeneration of secondary lamella in the gill, degeneration, dissociation, congestion and edema) in kidney and
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infilteration, vacoulation and architectural structural alteration in the liver of Clarias sp, indicates poor water quality of Tatsawarki stream. Recommedations on how to improve the water quality are profferd.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD
OF A MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES.
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
Keywords
WATER POLLUTION,, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822), BIOMARKERS, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822),, OXIDATIVE STRESS ENYZMES, BIOMARKERS,, TATSAWARKI STREAM,, KANO