MODULATORY ROLE OF VITAMINS A AND E ON LEARNING, MEMORY, MOTOR STRENGTH AND COORDINATION OF CYANIDE INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN ALBINO MICE
MODULATORY ROLE OF VITAMINS A AND E ON LEARNING, MEMORY, MOTOR STRENGTH AND COORDINATION OF CYANIDE INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN ALBINO MICE
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Date
2017-03
Authors
ISHAKU, Aisha Abubakar
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Abstract
Background: cyanide is a potent neurotoxic substance that can initiate series of intracellular
reactions leading to oxidative stress. Objective: To evaluate effect of sublethal administration of
KCN on motor functions, visuo-spatial learning and memory. Some biochemical parameters
which include brain malondialdehyde concentration, superoxide dismutase, catalase and
acetylcholinesterase activities in adult swiss albino mice and possible ameliorative roles of
vitamins A and E. Methods: Thirty five adult swiss albino mice weighing between 18-22g were
used. In each group served as subjects for this study. An acute toxicity study was carried out and
LD50 was calculated as 15mg/kg. The animals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7)
and exposed to sublethal concentration of potassium cyanide (10% LD50; 1.5 mg/kg). The
groupings were as follows; group I (control received 10 ml deionised water), group II (1.5mg/kg
KCN), group III (1.5mg/kg KCN + 25mg/kg vitamin A), group IV (1.5mg/kg KCN + 50mg/kg
vitamin E) and group V (1.5mg/kg KCN + 25mg/kg vitamin A + 50mg/kg). The animals were
fed for 28 days during which neurobehavioral tests using different paradigms was carried out
prior to sacrifice and isolation of tissues for biochemical assays. During the study period, Mice
were examined for signs of toxicity. Results: From the results obtained from this study, it
suggests that motor strength was considerably reduced in the KCN treated group as compared to
the vitamins groups. Group2 displayed hypolocomotion on the stationary beam in week 4
(15.8±0.58) while group III recorded decrease in transfer latencies to traverse the beam in week
4 (3.20±0.58). In acquisition and retention, using EPM, group II recorded an increase in transfer
latencies (50.40±1.72) and (57.60±0.93) as compared to group IV (29.40±0.68; 5.60±0.60), mice
spent more time in the open arms than in the closed arms. Increase in MDA concentration
induced by KCN (3.35±0.19) which is an index of lipid peroxidation was mitigated when
administered with vitamins A and E (1.82±0.21). Brain SOD activity was significantly (p<0.05)
decreased in group2 (1.30±0.27) as compared to group V (2.78±0.10). Brain acetylcholinesterase
activity as a biomarker in cyanide toxicity was increased in group II (32.10±0.90) as compared to
group III (14.80±0.86). Conclusion:the study suggests that motor deficits and cognitive
impairments were correlated with cyanide induced neurotoxicity with increased MDA
concentration levels and decreased antioxidant enzymes while the ameliorative effects of
vitamins A and E may be due to the inhibition of free radicals overproduction and maintenance
of antioxidant defence mechanisms.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTER DEGREE IN HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
MODULATORY ROLE,, VITAMINS A AND E,, LEARNING,, MEMORY,, MOTOR STRENGTH,, COORDINATION,, CYANIDE INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY,, ALBINO MICE