THE ABSORPTION OF NAPHTHOL DERIVATIVES BY CELLULOSIC FIBRES.

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dc.contributor.authorAtanu, Emmanuel Yahaya
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-11T11:20:00Z
dc.date.available2014-02-11T11:20:00Z
dc.date.issued1968-07
dc.descriptionThesis presented to The Ahmadu Bello University for the degree of Master of Science in the faculty of Science by Emmanuel Yahaya Atanu,B.Sc. (A.B.U) Department of Chemisrty, The Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. july, 1968.en_US
dc.description.abstractThe azoic dyes are obtained by coupling between, a naphthalene derivative end a diazotized amine The naphthalene derivative is referred to variously as a coupling component, arylamide or by its commercial name e.g. Breathol, Naphthol, etc. It is first adsorbed onto the textile material and the desired colour developed by immersing the fibre or fabric in a solution of the appropriate diazotized amine. The depth of the shade depends mainly on the amount of coupling component adsorbed on the fibre, prior to colour development. The scope of the present work was to study the uptake of these compounds by cellulosic fibres under various conditions e.g. different alkali, salt and naphthol concentrations; temperature; and the effect of modifying the cellulose structure on absorption. It was also thought that a possible mechanism for the combination of naphthol with cellulose could be worked out and an attempt made to see if the general laws of sorption of solids from solution could be applied to the cellulose naphthol system. As an introduction to the thesis an account is first given of the structure of cellulosic fibres, describing in outline the early theories of fine structure and the concept of crystallinity and accessibility and their relation to the absorption of dyes and other molecules by cellulosio fibres. An account is also given of the principal results of previous studies on the absorption of arylamides and direct dyes by cellulose. The abaorption of free alkali (the solvent for the Naphthols) was first studied, followed by napthol absorption under various conditions by the different cellulose samples. The sain results of the present investigations indicate that: 1) the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose chain are mainly responsible for naphthol absorption as shown by the reduction in absorption when these are oonverted to carbosyl groups. 2) primary hydroxyl groups account for higher equilibrium absorption than secondary ones. 3l oxidation of the hydroxyl groups reduces absorption. 4) opening up the cellulose structure by mereerization increases considerably the absorptive capacity of cellulose. The absorption of two naphthols by standard cellulose at different starting concentrations was also studied and the results used to test several adsorption theories. Agreement was obtained for the treatment of Saruwalla and Kulkarni leading to the suggested mechanism that only the dye anions are adsorbed on specifio sites, while the sodium ions are diffusely adsorbed. The treatment adopting Hill's statistical approach also yielded a positive agreement. The concurrence of the theories tested lies in the fact that their formulation depends on the basic assumption of an initial monolayer absorption on which is superimposed a diffuse layer.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1192
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectABSORPTION,en_US
dc.subjectNAPHTHOL,en_US
dc.subjectDERIVATIVES,en_US
dc.subjectCELLULOSIC,en_US
dc.subjectFIBRES,en_US
dc.titleTHE ABSORPTION OF NAPHTHOL DERIVATIVES BY CELLULOSIC FIBRES.en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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