GENETIC DIVERSITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MEIGEN, 1830 FROM SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

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dc.contributor.authorABDULAZEEZ, Rashidatu
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-21T11:35:19Z
dc.date.available2018-09-21T11:35:19Z
dc.date.issued2016-12
dc.descriptionA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERISTY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER DEGREE IN BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractA study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster using seven microsatellite loci. Fermented banana in hand-made bottle traps was used as bait with 10 replicate traps per site of collection. Samples were collected from November, 2015 to March 2016. A total of 42 male flies from Northern Guinea, Sudan and Sahel Savanna were used for the analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol chloroform method; PCR products were amplified on 1.5% Agarose gel by Electrophoresis and scored using Molecular Imager® Gel DocTM XR+ system with image LabTM Software of BIO-RAD. GenAlex version 6.501 and MEGA 6 softwares were used to determine the genetic diversity and population structure. The results revealed that the markers were highly polymorphic (PIC˃0.5) in all the sampled populations. The mean observed heterozygosity for all populations (1.000) was greater than the mean expected heterozygosity (0.500), although the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (P˃0.05). The highest genetic distance was observed in Northern Guinea vs. Sahel (2.639) while no distance was observed in Northern Guinea vs. Sudan (0.000) and Sudan vs Sahel Savanna (0.000). The lowest genetic identity of 0.000 was observed in Sudan vs. Sahel Savanna, followed by identity of 0.071 in Northern Guinea vs. Sahel Savanna and the highest (1.000) was observed in Northern Guinea vs. Sudan Savanna. The values of genetic distance and genetic identity showed that Northern Guinea and Sudan Savanna D. melanogaster are closely related, while Northern Guinea and Sahel D. melanogaster are divergent species. The AMOVA showed an estimated variation of 2163.35 with variation of 9% among vegetation zones, 0.00 among populations within zone and 22320.139 estimated variation with 91% variation within populations. The FIS value was -1.000 which was lower than the FIT (-0.675) indicating random mating and excess heterozygosity and the FST was 0.162. The pairwise FST and gene flow was 0.333and 0.545 respectively for both Northern Guinea vs. Sudan Savanna and Sudan vs. Sahel Savanna, whereas in Northern Guinea vs. Sahel Savanna, a lower FST (0.314) and higher gene flow (0.545) indicating a high population sub-structure and genetic isolation in natural populations of D. melanogaster. Northern Guinea and Sudan Savanna presented a close cluster in the first quadrant while Sahel Savanna presented a distinct quadrant. The Global Spatial Autocorrelation showed that there was no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.212, P˃0.05). It can be concluded that the used markers are highly polymorphic (PIC˃0.5). The populations of D. melanogaster are highly genetically diversified; outbreeding; excess of heterozygotes, and are highly sub-structured with consistent clusters which quantify the degree of relationships between the zonesen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/10512
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectGENETIC DIVERSITY,en_US
dc.subjectNATURAL POPULATIONS,en_US
dc.subjectDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MEIGEN,en_US
dc.subject1830,en_US
dc.subjectSAVANNA ZONE,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIA,en_US
dc.subjectMICROSATELLITE MARKERSen_US
dc.titleGENETIC DIVERSITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MEIGEN, 1830 FROM SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERSen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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