LEAD (Pb) CONCENTRATION IN THE WATER OF KUBANN1 RIVER DAM, ZARIA
LEAD (Pb) CONCENTRATION IN THE WATER OF KUBANN1 RIVER DAM, ZARIA
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Date
2000-09
Authors
GARBA, Muhammad Lawal
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Abstract
Past studies in Kubanni Dam indicated such a high concentration of Pb, that if
substantiated pose a danger to the health of the residents of ABU Main Campus, who
consume water from Kubanni Dam. But the values obtained from the past studies often
contradict each other, that is from 0.5ppm, (Udoh, et. al., 1986)005ppm, (Obamuwe,
1998), and 0.003ppm (Jeb, 1996). This study aims at reassessing the level of Pb
concentration in the Kubanni Dam.
To ensure the highest possible reliability of results, inter-laboratory and inter-technique
comparisons were employed. Whereby same sample was divided into two and
given at the same time to two different laboratories that either operate the same technique
or different techniques. Laboratories used for this purpose includes; the Department of
Geology Ahmadu Bello University Laboratory Zaria, Institute of Chemical Technology
Laboratory Basawa, National Animal Production Research Laboratory Shika, Geological
Survey Laboratory Kaduna, Nigerian De-fence Academy Laboratory Kaduna and Onarem
Research Laboratory, Niger Republic. All these laboratories operate AAS of different
models. And lastly, the Center for Energy Research Laboratory A.B.U. Zaria which
operates X-ray Fluorescence Technique. The variety of techniques and laboratories
employed allow tor the elimination of non credible laboratories. That is, laboratories that
gave for the same sample two different results were eliminated, and those that gave results
that do not differ, much were accepted as more credible.
Findings from both Kubanni Dam and from areas considered as non polluted
indicated a Pb concentration in the range of <0.024 to <0.011 ppm for the Kubanni
Dam and from <0.014 to <0.()08ppm for non polluted areas, that is at the level of its
usual concentration in non polluted water. The first two figures indicate that, there is
either no Pb pollution in Kubanni Dam, or in the worst case, there is insignificant Pb
pollution, and therefore high values obtained by some of the previous workers cannot stay
Description
THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POST GRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU
BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN
GEOLOGY (HYDRO-GEOLOGY)
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
SEPTEMBER, 2000
Keywords
LEAD (Pb),, CONCENTRATION,, WATER,, KUBANN1,, RIVER DAM,, ZARIA