EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAF AND ROOT OF ZIZIPHUS LOTUS L ON MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAF AND ROOT OF ZIZIPHUS LOTUS L ON MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA
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Date
2018-09
Authors
DAYO, Albert Dawaar
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Abstract
Treatment of infectious disease is a major public health challenge due to the continual increase in drug resistance by microorganisms. Plants are rich source of antibacterial agent which could be used to treat and manage human disease.This study was carriedout to evaluate antibacterial activity of methanolic leaf and root extracts of Ziziphus lotus on multidrug resistant E.coli, S. aureus, Salmonella spp, and P. aeruginosa. The Plant materials were extracted with methanol using cold maceration method and concentrated under vaccum with rotary. The crude extracts were fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n- butanol. The n- butanol fraction with highest activity was partially purified using silica gel column chromatography. Antibacterial activity of the extract was evaluated using agar well diffusion method at concentrations of 200, 100, 50 and 25mg/ml. The concentrations were prepared by dissolving 2g of each extract in 10ml of 5% dimethyl sulphoxide and the rest were prepared by two fold dilutions. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth dilution and spread plate technique respectively. Ciprofloxacin (10μg) was used as standard drug during the study while 5% Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was used as negative control. All extracts have activity with highest against Staphylococcus aureus and least against Escherichai coli. Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides. The GC-MS result showed the presence of Octadec-9-enoic acid, Hexanoic acid undecylester, Floxuridine and Oleic acid in the root and Eicosene, 6- Octadecanoic acid and Quinoline in leaf of partially purified fractions. The MIC value was lowest against S. aureus and highest against E. coli (12.50mg/ml) and (25mg/ml) respectively.From the finding, Ziziphus lotus has significant activity to justify its use in traditional medicine
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENTS OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M. Sc) DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
EVALUATION,, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY,, METHANOLIC EXTRACT,, LEAF,, ROOT OF ZIZIPHUS LOTUS L,, MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA,