EVALUATION OF Salmonella typhi IN DRINKING WATER WITHIN SABON GARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorUKEH, Godwin Ediroro
dc.date.accessioned2016-07-13T12:36:58Z
dc.date.available2016-07-13T12:36:58Z
dc.date.issued2015-10
dc.descriptionA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF M.SC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIAen_US
dc.description.abstractHigh prevalence of typhoid, diarrhea, cholera among infant and children has been traced to consumption of unsafe water and unhygienic practices. This study evaluates the presence of Salmonella typhi in drinking water within Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State-Nigeria. The objectives are: to characterise the major sources of drinking water within the study area, examine the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in drinking water within the study area, assess the occurrence of typhoid fever in Sabon Gari LGA, determine the relationships between the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in drinking water and the occurrences of typhoid disease in the study area, and examine the social and environmental bases for the occurrence of Salmonella typhi and typhoid fever in the study area. The research employed field and survey methods and data was sourced from both primary and secondary sources. A systematic sampling technique was adopted to select 384 respondents. Twenty-four samples of drinking water were randomly collected from three wards which were systematically picked from the eleven wards that makes up the LGA. Among the 24 samples, 3 were sachet water, 3 were tapwater, 9 were boreholes and 9 were well water. Data were presented and analysed using descriptive statistical tools such as frequency tables and mean. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the occurrence of Salmonella typhi count for all the samples collected were not significantly different in the entire sample tested at 0.05 significant levels where F(2 16) = 0.190, P = 0.829. Major findings of the study are that; the major sources of water within Sabon Gari LGA with the rate of usage are tapwater (139%), sachet water (86%), boreholes (77%), and well water (76%); Salmonella typhi were detected in the drinking water of some locations within the study area; there were cases of typhoid fever in Sabon Gari LGA where 1332 were recorded to have conducted typhoid test and 91.0% of the total test were significant cases in Ladiya, Al-Madinah, and Saidu Dange Hospitals, there were high relationships between the concentration of Salmonella typhi in drinking water and occurrence of typhoid disease; lack of education (27.6%), poor hygiene (37.8%), economic constrain (33.3%), overcrowdings (48.2%) and lack of access to clean water (32.3%) were the common socio-environmental factors that promotes the occurrence of typhoid in the area. Maintenance of good personal and environmental hygiene are important steps to take when protecting drinking water from contamination by salmonella. There is need for further research on the role of food in transmission of typhoid disease within this LGA.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8084
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectEVALUATION,en_US
dc.subjectSalmonella typhi,en_US
dc.subjectDRINKING WATER,en_US
dc.subjectSABON GARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,en_US
dc.subjectKADUNA STATE,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIAen_US
dc.titleEVALUATION OF Salmonella typhi IN DRINKING WATER WITHIN SABON GARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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