COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANGULAR AND LINEAR MEASUREMENTS OF FACIAL SOFT TISSUE PROFILE OF ALAGO AND EGGON ETHNIC GROUPS IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANGULAR AND LINEAR MEASUREMENTS OF FACIAL SOFT TISSUE PROFILE OF ALAGO AND EGGON ETHNIC GROUPS IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2023-08
Authors
JOHN, Joseph Olotoche
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Abstract
The knowledge of soft-tissue anthropometric profiles can never be overemphasized in the
discipline of medicine, especially in specialties such as orthognathic and plastic surgery,
orthodontics, and dental prosthesis. Although direct anthropometry was for years required for
this aim, the use of standardized photography today is of the highest importance to achieve
biological classification of individual‘s and for clinical research . Therefore, this research is
essential for clinicians such as those working in the maxillofacial discipline, as knowledge of the
standard anthropometric features of the face of a specific ethnic group would guide the repair of
affected areas in their patient. This study was carried out to provide a data base and facial norms
of soft tissue profile analysis of the Alago and Eggon adolescent and adults which is very
important in forensic and investigative studies. This study was also aimed at showing sexual
dimorphism in these anthropometric facial profile parameters within the adolescents and adults
of both ethnic groups. Also, to investigate the relationship between various linear and angular
facial parameters considered in the present study. A total of five hundred and eighty one subjects
(students and non-students) participated in this study (n=581).This study comprising of 315
males and 266 females from Alago and Ethnic groups was conducted in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
The study covered Alago and Eggon adolescents and adults between the age of 13-32. Ethical
clearance was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee on Human Subjects of the
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria and a proforma was issued to the subjects. Pictures were taken in
frontal and lateral position and exported to a computer. On the computer the Face arth software
was used to measure the linear and angular parameters in the study.The angles measured were :
facial convexity angle, upper lip angle, nasolabial angle, nasofacial angle, nasomental angle and
mentocervical angle . The linear dimensions of interest were; inferior labial sulcus, interlabial
gap, upper lip length, lower lip length, total facial height, true vertical line (TVL)-nasal tip, TVL
upper lip, TVL-lower lip, TVL-pogonion, soft tissue A-TVL, and soft tissue B-TVL. Statistical
analysis was done using program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0.
The mean values for all the linear and angular parameters were established for both ethnic
groups. The present study also showed that both adult and adolescent males of both ethnic
groups had higher lower lip length, nasofacial angle and mentocervical angle than the females
except for the angle of facial convexity where the females showed significantly higher values
(p<0.05). Correlation patterns were established between the linear and angular facial profile of
Alago and Eggon sample population. Nasolabial, nasomental and nasofacial angles showed
strong positive correlation i.e. the three angles increase in a direct proportion while the facial
height showed strong negative correlation with the angle of facial convexity and the nasolabial
angle of both ethic groups. The results of this study are recommended for anthropological,
forensic and clinical investigations of the Alago and Egoon ethnic groups.
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HUMAN ANATOMY DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY, FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES, COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA