EFFECTS OF PREBIOTIC, PROBIOTIC AND SYNBIOTIC ON CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES, ANTIBODY RESPONSE AND PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL PULLETS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS
EFFECTS OF PREBIOTIC, PROBIOTIC AND SYNBIOTIC ON CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES, ANTIBODY RESPONSE AND PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL PULLETS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS
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Date
2021-04
Authors
DANLAMI, Aliyu Andamin
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Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is endemic in Nigeria and outbreaks occur despite
vaccination. Prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic exert beneficial effects on chickens. This
study evaluated the mitigative effects of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic on clinicopathological
changes, antibody response and performance in commercial pullets infected
with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Two hundred and fifty ISA Brown day-old
chicks were divided into five groups of 50 each. Groups A, B and C were supplemented
from day-old to 49 days of age with molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX®, respectively and
inoculated with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) at 28 days of age,
while groups D and E served as positive and negative controls, respectively.
Haemagglutinating inhibition (HI) Ab titre and feed conversion ratio (FCR), bursal/body
weight index (BBI), packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocyte counts, glucose (GLC) and
total protein (TP), calcium (Ca) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations, activities of
aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), activities of superoxide dismutase
(SOD) and malondialdehyte (MDA) concentrations were determined. The chicks were
observed for clinical signs (CS), mortality (MTR) rate was calculated, from one day
postinoculation (dpi). At the end of observation 35 days of age (doa) (7 dpi), the clinical
sign scores for groups administered supplements were moderate, but severe in positive
control. The overall mortality rates were 25.5%, 61.3%, 46.8% and 95.4% in groups A, B, C
and D, respectively. The HI Ab titre between groups A (6.45 ± 0.04 log2), B (4.64 ± 0.02
log2), C (5.35 ± 0.03 log2) and D (3.60 ± 0.01 log2) at 1-wk PV (42 doa), differed (P ≤
0.05). The mean in FCR between groups A (0.80), B (0.68), C (0.74) and D (0.92) at 35 doa
(7 dpi), differed (P ≤ 0.05). There was significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in PCV between
groups A (22.29 ± 0.12%), B (19.26 ± 0.08%), C (20.28 ± 0.10%) and D (13.56 ± 0.05%) at
35 doa (7 dpi). The lymphocyte counts between groups A (3.34 ± 0.03 × 109/l), B (2.29 ±
0.02 × 109/l), C (2.53 ± 0.02 × 109/l) and D (1.33 ± 0.01 × 109/l) at 35 doa (7 dpi) differed
(P ≤ 0.05). The GLC concentrations in groups A (307.54 ± 3.23 mg/dl), B (200.27 ± 2.24
mg/dl) and C (235.35 ± 2.32 mg/dl) were higher (P ≤ 0.05), compared to that of group D
(105.65 ± 1.22 mg/dl) at 35 doa (7 dpi). There was significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in TP
concentrations between groups A (4.45 ± 0.06 g/dl), B (3.19 ± 0.04 g/dl), C (3.38 ± 0.05
g/dl) and D (2.25 ± 0.02 g/dl) at 35 doa (7 dpi). There were differences in Ca concentrations
in groups A (3.36 ± 0.03 mg/dl), B (2.35 ± 0.02 mg/dl), C (2.56 ± 0.02 mg/dl) and D (1.99 ±
0.01 mg/dl) at 35 doa (7 dpi). The BUN concentrations in groups A (4.95 ± 0.04 mg/dl), B
(5.93 ± 0.05 mg/d) and C (6.88 ± 0.05 mg/dl) were lower (P ≤ 0.05), compared to that of
group D (7.99 ± 0.07 mg/dl) at 35 doa (7 dpi). The AST between groups A (200.25 ± 2.15
μg/ml), B (283.21 ± 2.23 μg/ml), C (250.23 ± 2.19 μg/ml) and D (350.19 ± 3.22 μg/ml) at
35 doa (7 dpi) differed (P ≤ 0.05). The TC concentrations between groups A (125.24 ± 1.28
mg/dl), B (105.21 ± 1.24 mg/dl), C (110.22 ± 1.27 mg/dl) and D (69.20 ± 0.25 mg/dl) at 35
doa (7 dpi), differed (P ≤ 0.05). The MDA concentrations recorded in groups A (56.23 ±
0.27 nmols/mL) and B (76.36 ± 0.39 nmols/mg) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than
that of D (91.49 ± 0.50 nmols/mg) at 35 doa (7 dpi). There was a significant difference (P ≤
0.05) between groups C (65.51 ± 0.35 nmols/mg) and D at 7 dpi. In conclusion, molasses,
Antox® and EN-FLORAX® mitigated the negative effects of vvIBDV on FCR, organs/BD
weight indices, PCV, heterophil, lymphocyte, GLC, TP, Ca, BUN, AST, TC, and MDA,
and reduced the severity of CS and MTR. It is recommended that the supplements could be
used to mitigate the negative effects of IBD and the potentials of molasses be evaluated.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE
IN AVIAN MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
FACULTY OF EDUCATION,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
EFFECTS,, PREBIOTIC,, PROBIOTIC,, SYNBIOTIC,, CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES,, ANTIBODY RESPONSE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED,, INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS.