EFFECTS OF PREBIOTIC, PROBIOTIC AND SYNBIOTIC ON CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES, ANTIBODY RESPONSE AND PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL PULLETS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS

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dc.contributor.authorDANLAMI, Aliyu Andamin
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-26T08:03:06Z
dc.date.available2021-08-26T08:03:06Z
dc.date.issued2021-04
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN AVIAN MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF EDUCATION, ZARIA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractInfectious bursal disease (IBD) is endemic in Nigeria and outbreaks occur despite vaccination. Prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic exert beneficial effects on chickens. This study evaluated the mitigative effects of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic on clinicopathological changes, antibody response and performance in commercial pullets infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Two hundred and fifty ISA Brown day-old chicks were divided into five groups of 50 each. Groups A, B and C were supplemented from day-old to 49 days of age with molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX®, respectively and inoculated with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) at 28 days of age, while groups D and E served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Haemagglutinating inhibition (HI) Ab titre and feed conversion ratio (FCR), bursal/body weight index (BBI), packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocyte counts, glucose (GLC) and total protein (TP), calcium (Ca) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations, activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyte (MDA) concentrations were determined. The chicks were observed for clinical signs (CS), mortality (MTR) rate was calculated, from one day postinoculation (dpi). At the end of observation 35 days of age (doa) (7 dpi), the clinical sign scores for groups administered supplements were moderate, but severe in positive control. The overall mortality rates were 25.5%, 61.3%, 46.8% and 95.4% in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The HI Ab titre between groups A (6.45 ± 0.04 log2), B (4.64 ± 0.02 log2), C (5.35 ± 0.03 log2) and D (3.60 ± 0.01 log2) at 1-wk PV (42 doa), differed (P ≤ 0.05). The mean in FCR between groups A (0.80), B (0.68), C (0.74) and D (0.92) at 35 doa (7 dpi), differed (P ≤ 0.05). There was significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in PCV between groups A (22.29 ± 0.12%), B (19.26 ± 0.08%), C (20.28 ± 0.10%) and D (13.56 ± 0.05%) at 35 doa (7 dpi). The lymphocyte counts between groups A (3.34 ± 0.03 × 109/l), B (2.29 ± 0.02 × 109/l), C (2.53 ± 0.02 × 109/l) and D (1.33 ± 0.01 × 109/l) at 35 doa (7 dpi) differed (P ≤ 0.05). The GLC concentrations in groups A (307.54 ± 3.23 mg/dl), B (200.27 ± 2.24 mg/dl) and C (235.35 ± 2.32 mg/dl) were higher (P ≤ 0.05), compared to that of group D (105.65 ± 1.22 mg/dl) at 35 doa (7 dpi). There was significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in TP concentrations between groups A (4.45 ± 0.06 g/dl), B (3.19 ± 0.04 g/dl), C (3.38 ± 0.05 g/dl) and D (2.25 ± 0.02 g/dl) at 35 doa (7 dpi). There were differences in Ca concentrations in groups A (3.36 ± 0.03 mg/dl), B (2.35 ± 0.02 mg/dl), C (2.56 ± 0.02 mg/dl) and D (1.99 ± 0.01 mg/dl) at 35 doa (7 dpi). The BUN concentrations in groups A (4.95 ± 0.04 mg/dl), B (5.93 ± 0.05 mg/d) and C (6.88 ± 0.05 mg/dl) were lower (P ≤ 0.05), compared to that of group D (7.99 ± 0.07 mg/dl) at 35 doa (7 dpi). The AST between groups A (200.25 ± 2.15 μg/ml), B (283.21 ± 2.23 μg/ml), C (250.23 ± 2.19 μg/ml) and D (350.19 ± 3.22 μg/ml) at 35 doa (7 dpi) differed (P ≤ 0.05). The TC concentrations between groups A (125.24 ± 1.28 mg/dl), B (105.21 ± 1.24 mg/dl), C (110.22 ± 1.27 mg/dl) and D (69.20 ± 0.25 mg/dl) at 35 doa (7 dpi), differed (P ≤ 0.05). The MDA concentrations recorded in groups A (56.23 ± 0.27 nmols/mL) and B (76.36 ± 0.39 nmols/mg) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than that of D (91.49 ± 0.50 nmols/mg) at 35 doa (7 dpi). There was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between groups C (65.51 ± 0.35 nmols/mg) and D at 7 dpi. In conclusion, molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX® mitigated the negative effects of vvIBDV on FCR, organs/BD weight indices, PCV, heterophil, lymphocyte, GLC, TP, Ca, BUN, AST, TC, and MDA, and reduced the severity of CS and MTR. It is recommended that the supplements could be used to mitigate the negative effects of IBD and the potentials of molasses be evaluated.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/12588
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectEFFECTS,en_US
dc.subjectPREBIOTIC,en_US
dc.subjectPROBIOTIC,en_US
dc.subjectSYNBIOTIC,en_US
dc.subjectCLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES,en_US
dc.subjectANTIBODY RESPONSE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED,en_US
dc.subjectINFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS.en_US
dc.titleEFFECTS OF PREBIOTIC, PROBIOTIC AND SYNBIOTIC ON CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES, ANTIBODY RESPONSE AND PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL PULLETS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUSen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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