PHYTOCHEMICAL AND INHIBITION STUDIES OF GARCINIA KOLA HECKEL (GUTTIFERAE) SEED EXTRACTS ON SOME KEY ENZYMES INVOLVED WITH DIABETES
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND INHIBITION STUDIES OF GARCINIA KOLA HECKEL (GUTTIFERAE) SEED EXTRACTS ON SOME KEY ENZYMES INVOLVED WITH DIABETES
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Date
2015-11
Authors
ZAKARIYA, Ali Muhammad
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Abstract
Garcinia kola is an Angiosperm belonging to the family Guttiferae. It is known in
commerce as bitter kola. The plant seeds have been used in the treatment of a wide range of
diseases including diabetes, and its importance in folkloric medicine as a purgative,
mastcatory, aphrodisiac etc. is eminent. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple
etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia leading to severe complications such as
neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and foot ulcer. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol
extracts were prepared successively in a soxhlet apparatus at 50ºC. Qualitative phytochemical
screening was carried out. Column chromatographic analysis was carried out on the ethyl
acetate extract and the structure of the isolated compound was elucidated via Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry and Fourier Transformed-Infra Red spectroscopy.
Pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase were extracted from porcine pancrease and
rat small intestine under specified conditions. Steroids/triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids,
cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, coumarins and phlobatannins were detected. Methanol, ethyl
acetate and n-hexane extracts inhibited α-amylase with IC50 = 0.78 ± 0.32 mg/ml, 3.44 ± 3.46
mg/ml, 4.89 ± 4.62 and α-glucosidase IC50 = 2.67 ± 0.74 mg/ml, 1.68 ± 1.27 mg/ml, 10.29 ±
4.08 mg/ml respectively. The compound ZAAK was isolated from ethyl acetate extract.
Fourier Transformed-Infrared spectra revealed the presence of carboxylic acid and an ester in
ZAAK. Total ion chromatogram of ZAAK revealed three major peaks corresponding to
ZAAK1 ZAAK2 and ZAAK3. The mass spectra identified ZAAK1 ZAAK2 and ZAAK3 as 1 pentadecanecarboxylic acid, (Z)-11-Octadecenoic acid and octadecanoic acid, 2-(2hydroxyethoxy)
ethyl ester respectively
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST
GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD
OF A
MASTER`S DEGREE IN PHARMACOGNOSY
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA,
NIGERIA
Keywords
PHYTOCHEMICAL,, INHIBITION STUDIES,, GARCINIA KOLA HECKEL,, (GUTTIFERAE),, SEED EXTRACTS,, KEY ENZYMES,, DIABETES,