EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND COLORATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM CORN COB
EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND COLORATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM CORN COB
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Date
2015-11
Authors
SALEH, Yusuf Maigari
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Abstract
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was extracted from corn cob using Acid hydrolysis. Pre-treatments applied to the corn cob before the acid hydrolysis include: grinding to provide more surface area for hydrolysis and subsequent processes, caustic soda treatment (scouring) to remove lignin and other unwanted materials and bleaching to remove the inherent natural yellowing in plant materials. The extracted NCC was characterized using SEM, PSA, FT-IR, XRD and TGA. Other properties investigated are density and swelling index. The extracted NCC was then dyed (alongside fabrics as control) with disperse, reactive, direct and acid dyes. The exhaustion of each of the dyes was investigatedand fixation of the reactive dye also studied. Colour fastness of the dyed NCC to washing, chlorinated water and light were then investigated. The FT-IR results showed that there is successful removal of lignin and hemielluloses. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows successful increase in crystallinity from corn cob (crystallinity index 67.65%) to NCC (crystallinity index 78.90%). The thermogravimetric analysis shows that thermal stability of polymers is directly related to number of units fused together. It also shows that the present of impurities increase thermal stabilities. Satisfactory exhaustions were obtained with both dyes. This shows that, NCC can be dyed with any of the three classes of dyes used. However, the colour fastness results show that the choice of dye depends on the end use of the NCC to be dyed.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF A
MASTER DEGREE IN COLOUR CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY.
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
Keywords
EXTRACTION,, CHARACTERIZATION,, COLORATION,, NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE,, CORN COB,