APPLICATION OF k0-INAA AND ED-XRF TECHNIQUES IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL AT CENTRAL AREA OF KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorEMMANUEL, Joseph
dc.date.accessioned2016-04-14T10:19:18Z
dc.date.available2016-04-14T10:19:18Z
dc.date.issued2015-10
dc.descriptionA thesis submitted to the Post Graduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeriaen_US
dc.description.abstractIn order to obtain adequate information on the elemental concentration of soil from the Central Area of Katsina State and acquire proficiency in the use of k0-IAEA program, the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was adopted, particularly k0-INAA using the k0-IAEA program which is basically developed for gamma spectral data evaluation and analysis. To achieve this, the energy calibration was performed first, the energy calibration curves was plotted, and then the full peak energy efficiency (FEPE) of GEM 30195 coaxial HpGe detector was performed using two standard sources 137Cs and 152Eu and values obtained were within the energy range of 121.78 – 1528.12 keV and 244.69 – 1408.00 keV respectively for 15 cm and 2 cm source – detector geometries for 152Eu with their z-values showing that all doublets at the photopeaks were correctly resolved. These results show good agreement with that carried out by other previous researchers. Furthermore, we then applied the k0-standardization method as well as the INAA (relative) method to evaluate NIST Coal Fly Ash 1633b and NIST Montana Soil 2710 to validate the technique and the results obtained are in good agreement with the certified values. The k0-IAEA program and the INAA (relative) method were then used to determine the concentrations of the following elements (with the range indicated in bracket) for the fifty (50) samples collected in mg/kg: Mg(1119±263 - 2281±385), Al(11580±139 - 57890±463), Ca(2006±590 - 7851±1186), Ti(1791±254 - 4752±371), V(13±2 - 61±3), Mn(90±1 - 895±20), Dy(1.6±0.3 – 7.9±0.5), Na(19±6 - 3508±11), K(116±7 - 28940±289), As(0.40±0.09 – 6.5±0.2), Br(0.1±0.01 – 2.8±0.2), La(19.1±0.1 – 87.2±0.3), Sm(2.67±0.01 – 13.20±0.03), Ho(0.32±0.08 – 1.2±0.1), U(1.5±0.2 – 7.0±0.2), Sc(2.09±0.04 – 8.4±0.7), Cr(3.5±0.2 - 112±3), Fe(682±157 - 92211±265), Co(1.34±0.18 – 17.2±0.4), Zn(10.3±3 - 98±7), Rb(0.42±0.1 - 115±5), Sb(0.12±0.03 – 0.5±0.1), Cs(0.9±0.2 – 5.0±0.4), Ba(1.86±0.23 - 859±39), Nd(22±4 - 100±6), viii Eu(0.44±0.09 – 1.5±0.2), Tb(0.27±0.07 – 0.9±0.1), Yben_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7682
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectAPPLICATION,en_US
dc.subjectk0-INAA,en_US
dc.subjectED-XRF TECHNIQUES,en_US
dc.subjectCHARACTERIZATION,en_US
dc.subjectSOIL,en_US
dc.subjectCENTRAL AREA,en_US
dc.subjectKATSINA STATE,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIAen_US
dc.titleAPPLICATION OF k0-INAA AND ED-XRF TECHNIQUES IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL AT CENTRAL AREA OF KATSINA STATE, NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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