UPGRADING WASTE STABILIZATION POND EFFLUENT BY INTERMITTENT SAND FILTRATION
UPGRADING WASTE STABILIZATION POND EFFLUENT BY INTERMITTENT SAND FILTRATION
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Date
1995
Authors
ANYADOH, GILBERT CHINYERE
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Abstract
The feasibility of operating intermittent sand filters for upgrading the effluent
parameters from waste stabilization pond was investigated. Samples of the effluent were
colleeted from the outlet of the Waste Stabilization Pond of the Ahmadu Bello
University Zaria (A.B.U.) and were subjected to sand filtration. The filter system, of
which there were two, consisted of 150mm diameter perspex columns filled to a depth
of 2.0 meters with sand obtained from the bed of Kubani River at A.B.U.. The sand
had effective sizes of 0.25mm and 0.33mm, Uniformity Coefficient of 2.64 and 1.39
and porosity of of 0.435 and 0564 for filters 1 and 2 respectively. Both the samples and
the corresponding effluent samples from the filters were collected and analysed for some
physical, chemical and biological parameters.
The results show some reductions in the concentrations of suspended solids (SS),
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), algae,
helminths and water fleas. For a filter bed 2.0m deep consisting of sand with effective
size 0.25mm, porosity of 0.435 and uniformity coefficient of 2.64, an average removal
of 87.85%, 90.5% and 84.52% were obtained for S.S, BOD and COD respectively
while complete removal of algae, helminths and water fleas were obtained at the same
depth.
However, the concentrations of some metallic elements such as Bo, Mg, Ca and
Cu whose original concentrations in effluent samples were low, did not show any
appreciable reduction.
Also an increase in the numbers of faecal coliforms (MPN) in the filtrate was
observed contrary to expectation.
However, this observation is not conclusive and is subject to further
investigations.
Description
A thesis submitted to the Postgraduate School
Ahmadu Bello University, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
MASTER OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
Faculty of Engineering
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
1995
Keywords
UPGRADING,, WASTE STABILIZATION,, EFFLUENT,, INTERMITTENT,, SAND FILTRATION