EVALUATION OF INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF KHAYA SENEGALENSIS AND VERNONIA AMYGDALINA EXTRACTS AGAINST SOME BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM POULTRY DROPPINGS
EVALUATION OF INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF KHAYA SENEGALENSIS AND VERNONIA AMYGDALINA EXTRACTS AGAINST SOME BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM POULTRY DROPPINGS
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Date
2006
Authors
MUHAMMED, AUWAL BELLO
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Abstract
Recent studies have incriminated the use of antibiotics in poultry feeds to be associated with emergence of resistance among bacteria. The use of traditional plants remedies has not been found to be associated with resistance. This work determined the inhibitory effects of extracts of Khaya senegalensis and Vernonia amygdalina used in traditional poultry farming against Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, Pseudomonas sp and Staphylococcus aureus. The method of maceration was adopted to extract the plant materials with methanol (70%) and sterile water as solvents for the extraction and phytoconstituents were screened. One gram of each sample (poultry dropping) was inoculated in selenite F broth, peptone water and another one gram each on nutrient broth and incubated at 35oC for 18-24hrs. These overnight cultures were inoculated directly into Salmonella-Shigella agar, Brilliant green agar, MacConkey agar, Manitol salt agar and Eosin methylene blue agar (EMB). After incubation at 37oC for 18-24hrs, plates were read. Typical colonies were Gram stained using standard procedures, consequent upon that, the isolated Gram negative and Gram positive organisms were subjected to biochemical tests. Bioassay of the isolates was conducted and further subjected to the plant extracts, using agar well diffusion method and conventional antibiotics using disc diffusion method. Findings show the effect of the plant extracts with MICs/MBCs values of 6.25 for both Khaya senegalensis and Vernonia amygdalina against S. aureus, E. coli, and salmonella sp, while the MICs/MBCs values of 12.50mg/ml were obtained against Proteus sp, Pseudomonas sp. This indicated that it can serve as an alternative to conventional antibiotics as used in poultry production in Nigeria.
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FUFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN MICROBIOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
EVALUATION,, INHIBITORY EFFECTS,, KHAYA SENEGALENSIS,, VERNONIA AMYGDALINA EXTRACTS,, BACTERIA ISOLATED,, POULTRY DROPPINGS