PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF A BIVALENT CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TYPES C AND D VACCINE FOR CONTROL OF SHEEP ENTEROTOXAEMIA IN NIGERIA
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF A BIVALENT CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TYPES C AND D VACCINE FOR CONTROL OF SHEEP ENTEROTOXAEMIA IN NIGERIA
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Date
1996
Authors
AUDU, EMMANUEL ITODO
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Abstract
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia is the second most
important clostridial disease after black quarter in Nigeria. There is no
vaccine or vaccination programme to control it in Nigeria. In order to
combat the disease problem, strains of CI. perfringens, types C and D,
isolated in Nigeria, were used to prepare bivalent bacterins and toxoids
in adjuvant systems (potash alum and sodium alginate) for vaccination
of sheep. Five vaccines (bacterins and toxoids) viz: Anaculture (FC),
a formalinized culture or bacterin; Anaculture + Potash alum (PaT);
Anaculture + Sodium alginate (SaA); Toxoid + Potash alum (PaA); and
Toxoid + Sodium alginate (SaT) were prepared. The vaccines were
subjected to standard tests and used to inoculate sheep. The quality
and quantity of the antibody response in sheep sera was determined by
toxin-antitoxin neutralization tests in mice and the rocket
immunoelectrophoresis methods. The efficacy and shelf-life of SaT were
determined by challenge and field tests, and by periodical testing of the
vaccine's (SaT, stored at 4°C and 24-26°C) ability to protect guinea pigs
challenged with Clostridium perfringens toxins (beta and epsilon)
respectively.
The estimated beta (type C) and epsilon (type D) toxin content in
reinforced clostridial medium culture of Cl. perfringens used for vaccine
preparation was 2500 and 4000 units (mouse minimal lethal dose) per ml
respectively.
Antibody production as a result of vaccination with these vaccines
was at its peak, 4 weeks post vaccination. Potash alum toxoid (PaT)
produced the highest level (8.33+1.45 i.u. per ml) of beta-antitoxin,which
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL AHMADU BELLO
UNIVERSITY, ZARIA FOR THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN THE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO
UNIVERSITY, ZARIA.
1996
Keywords
PREPARATION,, EVALUATION,, BIVALENT,, CLOSTRIDIUM,, PERFRINGENS,, VACCINE,, SHEEP,, ENTEROTOXAEMIA