EVALUATION OF LEVELS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL AND WELL WATER WITHIN SELECTED AUTOMOBILE MECHANIC WORKSHOPS IN LOKOJA, NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorYAHAYA, Moses
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-05T09:39:58Z
dc.date.available2017-07-05T09:39:58Z
dc.date.issued2016-05
dc.descriptionA DESSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractSoil characterization and levels of heavy metals in two different soil depths (0 - 15 cm and 15 - 30 cm depth) and well water ofautomobile mechanic workshop soil at Zawangi, Crowther Memorial, Lokongoma Phase 1, Lokongoma Phase 2, Felele , and first 200 unit areas of Lokoja metropolis, Nigeria werecarried out between September and December, 2014.The physicochemical parameters of the soil such as pH, particle size, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity, phosphates and sulphates were determined. The soil samples were subjected to sequential extraction to ascertain the mobility of the metals in the soils. Statistical analysis on the data obtained was carried out using One- way ANOVA. The results indicated that the soils at the experimental and control sites were a mixture of sandy loam, clay and slightly acidic. The %OM and CEC for the experimental soils were higher than the soils of the Nigerian Savanna.The concentrations of the studied metals (Zn-64.00mg/kg, Pb-45.22mg/kg, Cd-2.84mg/kg, Fe-151.58mg/kg and Ni-16.06mg/kg) in the soils from experimental sites were higher than the corresponding values from the control site (Zn-5.75mg/kg, Pb-2.07mg/kg, Cd-1.90mg/kg, Fe-36.65mg/kg and Ni-2.1mg/kg), and also, higher than the recommended limits given by the World Health Organization (WHO). The soil samples showed remarkably high levels of all the metals (Ni, Fe, Zn and Pb) above background concentrations with most of them decreasing with decrease in soil depth. The distribution was in the following order Fe> Zn> Pb > Ni > Cd. Across the sampling locations and profiles, Fe and Cd gave the highest (154.58 mg/kg) and least (2.54 mg/kg) values respectively. Pollution load index (PLI) andgeoaccumulation index(Igeo) revealed overall high and moderate contamination respectively while theenrichment factors (EFs) for Zn ix and Ni were severe. The inter-elemental relationship revealed anidentical source of elements in the soils of the studied areas. The levels of metal in well water within the mechanic workshops at different distances of 20m and 30m away from each location were determined.The results indicated that, the levels of metal in well water were higher in 20m than 30m away from the mechanic workshops. At 20m, Zn was the highest in Lokongoma phase1 (14.03 mg/kg) and least at Zanwangi (1.16 mg/kg ), Pb was highest in Lokongoma phase1(1.96mg/kg ) and least in Crowther Memorial and Felele (1.56 mg/kg ), Cd was the highest in Lokongoma Phase1(0.21 mg/kg ) and least in Lokongoma Phase2(0.15mg/kg ), Fe was the highest in Lokongoma Phase1 (1.73mg/kg ) and least in Crowther Memorial and Felele (0.83mg/kg ) and Ni was the highest in 200Unit (45.55 mg/kg) and least in Felele (0.07 mg/kg ). While at 30m, Zn was the highest in Lokongoma Phase2 (6.34mg/kg) and least in Zanwangi(0.16mg/kg ), Pb was highest in 200Unit and Felele (1.56mg/kg ) and least in Lokongoma Phase1 (1.25mg/kg ),Cd was highest in 200Unit and Felele (0.15 mg/kg) and least in Lokongoma Phase1, Lokongoma Phase2 and Zanwangi(0.13mg/kg ), Fe was highest in 200Unit (1.54mg/kg ) and least in Crowther Memorial and Felele (0.64 mg/kg ) and Ni was highest in Lokongoma Phase1&2 (0.09 mg/kg ) and least in Zanwangi (0.01mg/kg).The accuracy of the results has beencheeked using the standard reference material; SRM (PACS-2). The mechanic workshop soils represent potential sources of heavy metal pollution to the environment. The elevated levels of heavymetals in these soil profiles constitute a serious threat to humans live, surface and groundwater.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9050
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectEVALUATION,en_US
dc.subjectHEAVY METALS,en_US
dc.subjectSOIL,en_US
dc.subjectWELL WATER,en_US
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE MECHANIC WORKSHOPS,en_US
dc.subjectLOKOJA,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIAen_US
dc.titleEVALUATION OF LEVELS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL AND WELL WATER WITHIN SELECTED AUTOMOBILE MECHANIC WORKSHOPS IN LOKOJA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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