EFFECT OF EXTRACT-FRACTIONS OF BALANITES AEGYPTIACA LEAVES, STEM-BARK AND FRUIT-MESOCARP ON GLUCOSE METABOLIC ENZYMES IN DIABETIC RATS
EFFECT OF EXTRACT-FRACTIONS OF BALANITES AEGYPTIACA LEAVES, STEM-BARK AND FRUIT-MESOCARP ON GLUCOSE METABOLIC ENZYMES IN DIABETIC RATS
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Date
2018-11
Authors
HASSAN, Mhya Daniel
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Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca fruit and seeds has been reported as useful source of hypoglycemic remedy for the management of diabetes. The leaves and stem-bark are used by traditional medicine practitioners in the management of diabetes mellitus and some ailments. But, very few or no scientific study has been conducted to ascertain their antidiabetic potentials. In this study, antihyperglycemic potential of extracts from Balanites aegyptiacaparts were assessed on the activities of glucose metabolic enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats as a step toward identifying hidden potent compounds and possible mode of actions. Ethanol crude extracts of Balanites aegyptiacaleaves, fruit-mesocarp and stem-bark were fractionated with water and ethyl acetate (1:1 v/v) then separated to obtain the specific extract-fractions. Ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions obtained were subjected to acute toxicity study, and then ascertained for antidiabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The most potent extract-fraction of Balanites aegyptiaca part was further fractionated and subfractions obtained were evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats followed by determining possible active ingredients in the subfraction by FTIR and GC-MS. Results of the acute toxicity study showed that fractionated ethanol extracts ofBalanites aegyptiaca parts are relatively safe at a concentration up to 4000 mg/kg body wt. Rats induced diabetes were characterized by low serum insulin, hyperglycemia and decrease in body weights.Treatment with the ethanol extract-fractions of Balanites aegyptiaca parts lowered fasting blood glucose levels, reversed serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein levels, serum albumin, total protein and
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regulate glucose metabolic enzymes activities. The fruit-mesocarp and leaves aqueous fractions were more comparable in lowering fasting blood glucose by 18.61 % and 15.87 % when compared to 24.62 % by metformin. In comparable of the glucose enzymes regulatory effect, the leaves aqueous fraction was more comparable to metformin.The fruit-mesocarp aqueous fraction significantly enhanced glucose 6-phosphodehydrogenase (from 1.40±0.02 to 2.10±0.01 U/min/mg protein) and glucokinase (from 2.22±0.02 to 3.58±0.05 U/min/mg protein). Whereas, leaves aqueous fraction and its methanol subfractionsignificantly suppressed fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (from 2.19±0.25 to ≤ 1.53±0.11 U/min/μmole Pi liberated) and glycogen phosphorylase (from 3.82±0.21to ≤ 2.76±0.02 U/min/mg protein) but enhanced phosphofructokinase (from 2.06±0.07 to ≥ 2.52±0.03 U/min/mg protein) and glycogen synthase (from 9.41±0.34 x 10-2 to ≥ 14.45±0.16 x 10-2 U/min/mg protein).Possible active ingredients of methanol subfraction are springol (0.12 %), isoeugenol (0.12 %), eugenol (0.23 %), and 4-vinylguaiacol (0.67 %).In conclusion,fractionated ethanol extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca parts are relatively safe, exerted antihyperglycemic, antilipidemicand controlled diabetic-induced alterations of glucose metabolic enzymesin STZ-induced diabetic rats. Theleavesextract of Balanites aegyptiacaexert antidiabetic activity as comparable to the fruit-mesocarp. Further research is therefore needed to isolate the compounds in the plant leaves and compare their antihyperglycemic effect with available synthetic ones
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
EFFECT,, EXTRACT-FRACTIONS,, BALANITES AEGYPTIACA LEAVES,, STEM-BARK,, FRUIT-MESOCARP,, GLUCOSE METABOLIC ENZYMES,, DIABETIC RATS,