EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TYPHOID FEVER IN ZARIA

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dc.contributor.authorNMEMA, EUCHARIA EZENWANYI
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-13T14:13:35Z
dc.date.available2014-02-13T14:13:35Z
dc.date.issued1997-06
dc.descriptionA Thesis Submitted to the Postgraduate School in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.en_US
dc.description.abstractA total of 500 patients attending various hospitals in Zaria were examined for S. typhi and its '0' and 'H' agglutinins over a period of six months from May to October 1996. They consisted of 249 males and 251 females whose ages ranged between 1 and 65 years. Clinical samples collected from the patients consisted of 500 blood, 382 stool and 118 urine specimens. Widal agglutination tests were carried out with the blood samples, while stool and urine samples were cultured for isolation of S. typhi. Eighty-two (16.4%) blood samples gave positive Widal agglutination reactions with titres of sl60 against the S. typhi 'O' antigen and 136 (27.2%), against the 'H' antigen. Salmonella typhi and S. paratyhi were isolated from thirty-six (7.2%) of the stool and urine samples. Twentythree (4.60%) of the isolates were identified as S. typhi. while thirteen (2.60%) were identified as S. paratyphi. During the six months study period, the highest prevalence of typhoid fever occurred in August (12.7%), followed by May (11.1%). In the age groups, the highest isolation frequency was in the 11-20 years age group (15.0%), followed by the 21-30 years age group (11.8%) , while the male to female ratio among those infected was 1.4:1.0. Among the various occupations, the traders and farmers had the highest prevalence of typhoid fever with 9.67% and 9.43% respectively. The cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers who had access to pipeborne water were thirteen (5.0%) and those that obtained their drinking water from wells were twenty-three (10.5%) . Fourteen (4.6%) of the cases used water closet toilets while twenty-two (11.1%) used pit latrines. Of the 500 patients sampled, 280 had started selfmedication with various antimalarial drugs and thirty-three had started on a course of chloramphenicol or Amoxicillin before attending hospital. Only two of the 500 patients had been previously vaccinated against typhoid fever. All the twenty-three S. typhi isolates were sensitive to five of the antibiotics namely, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Ceftazidime, Ampicillin-Sulbactam and Co-trimoxazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin-Sulbactam and Co-trimoxazole for the S. typhi. isolates ranged between 3.9u/ml to 15.6u/ml.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1460
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGY,en_US
dc.subjectTYPHOID,en_US
dc.subjectFEVER,en_US
dc.subjectZARIAen_US
dc.titleEPIDEMIOLOGY OF TYPHOID FEVER IN ZARIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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