PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY COMPLEMENTED BY SEROPREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN LOCAL CHICKENS IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY COMPLEMENTED BY SEROPREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN LOCAL CHICKENS IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2014-06
Authors
JIBRIL, ABDURRAHMAN HASSAN
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Abstract
Formal system of inquiry is of limited value when working with rural communities in
developing countries. This research used alternative systems of inquiry and learning that
involved the application of Participatory epidemiology (PE) techniques to collect existing
veterinary information about Newcastle disease (ND) in rural areas. Participatory
epidemiology methods were used on 12 informant groups in 12 selected villages of
Zamfara State, Nigeria from March to August, 2012 to understand the local perception of
poultry disease signs, disease causes, disease incidence, prevalence, seasonal patterns of the
disease and indigenous control and treatment methods. In addition, 504 serum samples
were collected from non-vaccinated village chickens, raised under traditional management
system in live bird markets and households from local chickens in six local governments
and were screened for ND virus antibodies using monoclonal antibody blocking enzyme
linked immunosorbent assay. Information on husbandry and management practices was
obtained from 200 selected rural poultry owners using a structured questionnaire.
Participatory epidemiology data was subjected to descriptive statistics, Friedman test and
Kendall coefficients of concordance to determine the level of agreement between informant
groups, while Chi square test was used to measure association between sex, location and
seroprevalence. Results indicated that poultry constituted the largest proportion (42.4%) of
livestock species kept and the local characterization of poultry diseases called bingiri/
shakwal (Newcastle disease), ciwon-sufe (respiratory disease), dankanoman-kaji
(coccidiosis), dangari (fowl pox) and gurdumu/ yayyami(Ectoparasitism) by local farmers
are consistent with modern veterinary knowledge on Newcastle disease, respiratory disease,
coccidiosis, fowl pox and ectoparasitism respectively. Bingiri is the most important, with
27.5 % and 49.4 % morbidity and case fatality, occurring mostly during the cold dry season (huturu). Tsuwen zaki (Lion’s testicle; Cucumuis pustulatus) and Garafuni (Balsam pear;
Momordica balsamina) are traditional remedies used in the prevention of Newcastle
disease. Overall sero-positive rate of circulating antibodies was found to be 32.5%
(164/504) in Zamfara State. About 35.8% (115/321) sero-positive rate was obtained from
live bird markets while 26.8 % (49/183) sero-positive rate was found in households
chickens. Live bird markets had a higher prevalent rate (χ2 = 3.95) when compared with
chickens sampled from households (OR 1.53, 95% CI, 1.024-2.275) while male chickens
had a higher sero-positive rate 35.7 % (97/272) than female chickens 28.9 % (67/232)(OR
1.37, 95% CI, 0.936-1.990).
Information obtained from respondents showed that, during outbreaks most farmers prefer
to slaughter (42.5%), while 27.0 % treat the birds with veterinary methods. Antibiotics
(25.0%), antiviral agents (4.0%) and local remedies (33.0%) were used in the treatment of
ND. Most of the respondents (53.0%) sometimes clean their poultry pen, 50% of the
respondents dispose carcasses by refuse dumping. Newcastle disease was the most
important poultry disease in Zamfara State and PE can be used to improve surveillance.
The prevalence of ND indicated the presence of the virus in the population, and hence there
should be improvement in vaccine campaign against ND for rural poultry.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU
BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC
HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA
Keywords
EPIDEMIOLOGY,, SEROPREVALENCE,, NEWCASTLE,, DISEASES,, CHICKENS,, ZAMFARA,, NIGERIA.