PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY COMPLEMENTED BY SEROPREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN LOCAL CHICKENS IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorJIBRIL, ABDURRAHMAN HASSAN
dc.date.accessioned2014-11-28T08:20:51Z
dc.date.available2014-11-28T08:20:51Z
dc.date.issued2014-06
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractFormal system of inquiry is of limited value when working with rural communities in developing countries. This research used alternative systems of inquiry and learning that involved the application of Participatory epidemiology (PE) techniques to collect existing veterinary information about Newcastle disease (ND) in rural areas. Participatory epidemiology methods were used on 12 informant groups in 12 selected villages of Zamfara State, Nigeria from March to August, 2012 to understand the local perception of poultry disease signs, disease causes, disease incidence, prevalence, seasonal patterns of the disease and indigenous control and treatment methods. In addition, 504 serum samples were collected from non-vaccinated village chickens, raised under traditional management system in live bird markets and households from local chickens in six local governments and were screened for ND virus antibodies using monoclonal antibody blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Information on husbandry and management practices was obtained from 200 selected rural poultry owners using a structured questionnaire. Participatory epidemiology data was subjected to descriptive statistics, Friedman test and Kendall coefficients of concordance to determine the level of agreement between informant groups, while Chi square test was used to measure association between sex, location and seroprevalence. Results indicated that poultry constituted the largest proportion (42.4%) of livestock species kept and the local characterization of poultry diseases called bingiri/ shakwal (Newcastle disease), ciwon-sufe (respiratory disease), dankanoman-kaji (coccidiosis), dangari (fowl pox) and gurdumu/ yayyami(Ectoparasitism) by local farmers are consistent with modern veterinary knowledge on Newcastle disease, respiratory disease, coccidiosis, fowl pox and ectoparasitism respectively. Bingiri is the most important, with 27.5 % and 49.4 % morbidity and case fatality, occurring mostly during the cold dry season (huturu). Tsuwen zaki (Lion’s testicle; Cucumuis pustulatus) and Garafuni (Balsam pear; Momordica balsamina) are traditional remedies used in the prevention of Newcastle disease. Overall sero-positive rate of circulating antibodies was found to be 32.5% (164/504) in Zamfara State. About 35.8% (115/321) sero-positive rate was obtained from live bird markets while 26.8 % (49/183) sero-positive rate was found in households chickens. Live bird markets had a higher prevalent rate (χ2 = 3.95) when compared with chickens sampled from households (OR 1.53, 95% CI, 1.024-2.275) while male chickens had a higher sero-positive rate 35.7 % (97/272) than female chickens 28.9 % (67/232)(OR 1.37, 95% CI, 0.936-1.990). Information obtained from respondents showed that, during outbreaks most farmers prefer to slaughter (42.5%), while 27.0 % treat the birds with veterinary methods. Antibiotics (25.0%), antiviral agents (4.0%) and local remedies (33.0%) were used in the treatment of ND. Most of the respondents (53.0%) sometimes clean their poultry pen, 50% of the respondents dispose carcasses by refuse dumping. Newcastle disease was the most important poultry disease in Zamfara State and PE can be used to improve surveillance. The prevalence of ND indicated the presence of the virus in the population, and hence there should be improvement in vaccine campaign against ND for rural poultry.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5690
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGY,en_US
dc.subjectSEROPREVALENCE,en_US
dc.subjectNEWCASTLE,en_US
dc.subjectDISEASES,en_US
dc.subjectCHICKENS,en_US
dc.subjectZAMFARA,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIA.en_US
dc.titlePARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY COMPLEMENTED BY SEROPREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN LOCAL CHICKENS IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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