ANTI-ANAEMIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF Jatrophatanjorensis ON PHENYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIC RATS
ANTI-ANAEMIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF Jatrophatanjorensis ON PHENYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIC RATS
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Date
2015-11
Authors
AMELOKO, UGBEDE JOY
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Abstract
Antianaemic effect of aqueous and 70% methanolic extract (ME) of Jatrophatanjorensis leaves on phenylhydrazine (PHZ) induced haemolyticanaemic albino rats was investigated. Phytochemical quantification (mg/g) carried out on the methanolic extract (ME) sample revealed that flavonoids (3.13±0.03) was the most abundant followed by phenol (2.40±0.02), saponins (1.2600±0.00), tannin (0.967±0.013) respectively. Quantitative phytochemical analysis (mg/g) carried out on the aqueous extract sample revealed glycosides (0.95 ± 0.07) was the most abundant, followed by saponins (0.71 ± 0.03), alkaloids (0.54 ± 0.07), tannins (0.03 ± 0.01), flavanoids (0.10 ± 0.01) respectively. Preliminary investigation carried out to determine the extract with potent haematopoietic potential by administration of both aqueous and 70% methanolic extract at 200mg/kg body weight to PHZ- induced haemolyticanaemic rats for 7 days revealed methanolic extract as the more potent extract because it increased the packed cell volume (PCV) by 14%. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity indicated that the methanolic leaf extract of J. tanjorensisexhibited a low percentage inhibition than vitamin C. The percentage change in body weight recorded a non significant (p>0.05) increase in the anaemic control group, anaemic treated groups and non anaemic groups treated with200mg/kg of methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha. tanjorensis. Induction of anaemia significantly (p<0.05) decreased Pack cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), and significant (p<0.05) increase in white blood cell count (WBC) , mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular heamoglobin (MCH) in all the induced groups when compared with the normal control group. After treatment for 21 days in the groups treated with the methanolic extract at doses of (50,100, and 200mg/kg), the induced rats remainedanaemic because Hb,
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PCV, RBC, platelet values were significantly (p<0.05) decreased while a significant (p<0.05) increase in the values of WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC of the anaemic rats treated with the ME was observed when compared with the normal control group.Malondialdehyde (MDA), recorded a significant (p<0.05) increase in the anaemic group treated with 200mg/kg compared with the normal control group. This increased MDA level is an important indicator of lipid peroxidation. Catalase (CAT) recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the anaemic control group, anaemic treated groups with ME and non anaemic group treated with 200mg/kg bw of ME. A reduction in catalase lead to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide .There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the anaemic control group, anaemic treated groups with ME of J. tanjorensis leaves and a significant (p<0.05) increase in the total bilirubin, conjucated bilirubin and aspartateaminotransferase (AST) in the anaemic group treated with 200mg/kg of ME compared with the normal control group. An elevation in AST, ALP, and ALT is a sensitive marker for liver cell damage. Urea and creatinine recorded a significant (p<0.05) increase in theanaemic animals treated with 100mg/kg body weight of ME of J tanjorensis leaves when compared with the normal control group. Increase in urea levels is associated with urinary tract obstruction. Evaluation of the effect of extract on relative organ weights demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) increase in relative spleen weight in the anaemic control group, anaemic groups treated with ME of J. tanjorensis leaves when compared with the normal control group, therefore,from this present study, methanolic leaf extract could not ameliorate the haemolyticanaemia induced at the various doses administered, but the extract is not toxic to non anaemic rats that was administered 200mg/kg body weight of the extract.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA
Keywords
ANTI-ANAEMIC EFFECT,, AQUEOUS,, METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS,, Jatrophatanjorensis,, PHENYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIC RATS,