PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS, IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS, IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2016-12
Authors
WADA, Imam Bello
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Abstract
Hypertension or high blood pressure is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
worldwide. The proportion of the global burden of disease attributable to hypertension has
significantly increased from about 4.5 per cent in 2000 to 7 per cent in 2010. This makes
hypertension the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality globally and highlights
the urgent need of action to address the problem.
Aim of the study was to assess level of awareness and knowledge, determine the prevalence,
modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of hypertension among civil servants in Kano State.
Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in which 520 respondents were recruited using
multi-stage sampling technique. Modified WHO-STEPS semi-structured interviewer
administered questionnaire was adapted for the study. Data was collected on Knowledge, sociodemographics,
Behavioural, Physical (Anthropometric measurements) and biochemical
variables. Blood pressure was measured and 5mls of blood was collected to determine the blood
sugar and lipid profile. Data was analysed using Epi-info version 3.5.4.
Of the 520 respondents, males were 438(84.2%) while 82(15.8%) are females. The age of
respondents ranged from 18- 65 with a mean of 43 ± 9.9- years. Highest level of education was
170 (32.7%) and median income of N50,000 (N12,000-350000). The prevalence of Systolic and
Diastolic hypertension were 138(26.5%) and 183(35.2%), diabetes mellitus 30(5.8%), Obesity
48(9.2%) and overweight 142(27.3%). Generally knowledge of determinants and risk factors was
poor among respondents as only 0.8% had a good knowledge. Being male and hypertensive (OR:
1.14; 95% CI: 0.66-1.98), being diabetic and hypertensive (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 0.90-4.09), being
older than 40years and having systolic hypertension (OR: 4.80; 95% CI: 2.81-8.21), being a
current smoker and hypertensive (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.04-3.12) were found to be significant risk
factors for hypertension a major cardiovascular disease. Multivariate analysis revealed being older than 40 years (AOR: 4.10; 95% CI: 2.44 - 7.11), having BMI >30(AOR: 2.47; 95% CI:
1.57 - 3.66), lack of physical activity (AOR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.24 - 5.04), high serum uric acid
(AOR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.55- 6.59) as independent risk factors of hypertension.The study revealed low level of knowledge on hypertension which is a major cardiovascular risk
factor among study participants. A BMI greater than 30(obesity), lack of vigorous physical
activity were the major modifiable risk factor while age greater than 40 years was found to be
the non-modifiable risk factor of hypertension among the civil servants of Kano State. It is
recommended that Sensitization Campaigns of civil servants to embark on regular medical
checkups and exercises.
Key Words: Hypertension, Prevalence, Determinants, Cardiovascular Disease, Civil servants,
Kano
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL OF
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH (MPH)
IN FIELD EPIDEMIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERI
Keywords
PREVALENCE ,, DETERMINANTS,, HYPERTENSION,, CIVIL SERVANTS,, KANO STATE,, NIGERIA