EVALUATION OF GREENHOUSE GASES LEVELS IN AMBIENT AIR AT SELECTED ROADS INTERSECTIONS IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
EVALUATION OF GREENHOUSE GASES LEVELS IN AMBIENT AIR AT SELECTED ROADS INTERSECTIONS IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
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Date
2015-08
Authors
ADAMU, Yusuf Ringim
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Abstract
This research work monitored levels of greenhouse gases in ambient air of Kano metropolis. Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Nitrogen (IV) oxide (NO2), Sulphur (IV) oxide (SO2) and Methane (CH4) are the priority greenhouse gas pollutants whose concentrations were monitored in the morning and evening every month for the period of one year covering the four seasons. The sampling frame consists of eleven major traffic points within urban Kano namely; Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/Kwandila Housing Estate (LN1), Zoo road/Aliyu bn Abu Talib Mosue (LN2), Court/France roads (LN3), Igbo road/Sabon gari Market (LN4), Kofar Nasarawa (LN5), Rimi Market/Murtala Hospital (LN6), Dan - Agundi/B.U.K. (LN7), Kofar Mazugal/Abatoir (LN8), Airport/Zungeru roads (LN9), Sani Abaca/Murtala Mohd roads (LN10) and Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory/Wazobia Radio junction (LN11) which serve as control. An automatic monitoring systems with certificate number EX 93C 2069X and EX 93Y 2078X for ‗TO‘ and ‗FL‘ respectively was used to monitor the concentrations of these greenhouse gases. Traffic count was conducted to obtain the statistics of motorcycles, tricycles, cars and trucks movement in the various sampling traffic points. The results obtained show that the mean level of greenhouse gases in the morning (7:30 - 9:30 am) sampling hours were 5.75 ± 1.11, 1.39 ± 0.77, 0.20 ± 0.13, 0.09 ± 0.11, and 0.19 ± 1.38 ppm for CO, H2S, NO2, SO2, and CH4 respectively. For evening (4:30 - 5:30 pm) hours the mean levels of these gases were 15.64 ± 1.56, 3.22 ± 3.05, 2.42 ± 4.32, 0.14 ± 0.10, and 0.76 ± 0.53 ppm for CO, H2S, NO2, SO2, and CH4 respectively. The mean level of greenhouse gases in the evening is higher than the FEPA established guideline of 10, 0.06, 0.04 - 0.06, 0.06 and 0.06 ppm for CO, H2S, NO2, SO2 and CH4 respectively. The higher mean level of the
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greenhouse gases in the evening at site 5, 5, 6, 6 and 7 can be attributed to the high traffic density at the sites. The four seasons monitoring results revealed that CO is far higher than all other gases across the sites. The next higher was hydrogen sulphide. The next higher to H2S were NO2, SO2 and CH4 during dry and (warm,cool) and wet and warm seasons. The mean levels of greenhouse gases were noticed to be very low both in the morning and evening during dry and hot and wet and warm seasons. This could be attributed to the shorter sunshine period and lower temperature which predetermined decomposition/burning of organic matters. Comparison of the Air Quality Index level (AQI) revealed that the values were in the range of CO moderate at roads junctions 1, 3, 4,6,8,9 and 10 to good at locations 2, 7 and 5 during both hours of sampling, NO2 was very low at all road junctions except 11 which is very good whereas, H2S and SO2 values were very good in the morning. Statistic analysis of mean level of greenhouse gases across the eleven sampling locations has shown a normal distribution with remarkable variations and of significance difference at p ˂ 0.05. The correlation studies showed that there is high correlation of 0.909 between H2S and CO and 0.864 between SO2 and H2S indicating that they could be from the same source. The research generally established that motor cars are the predominant source of these greenhouse gases emissions as shown by the significant correlation of 0.603, 0.677 and 0.689 for CO, H2S and SO2 respectively and volume of cars.
Description
A DISERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF A
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
.NIGERIA
Keywords
EVALUATION,, GREENHOUSE GASES LEVELS,, AMBIENT AIR,, SELECTED ROADS,, INTERSECTIONS,, KANO METROPOLIS,, NIGERIA.,