SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUSAND PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTIONS AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUSAND PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTIONS AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2016-10
Authors
AJAH, BENJAMIN ONYEKACHI
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Parvovirus B19 (HPVB19) infections have been implicated in blood transfusions. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HBV and HPVB19 infections and the possible potential risk factors among blood donors in selected hospitals in Jigawa State, Nigeria. The study was conducted between March and August, 2013. Blood samples were collected from blood donors attending Jahun General Hospital, Jahun; Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital, Dutse; and Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu. The study population comprised of 421 blood donors seen at the blood banks of the three hospitals. Structured questionnaires were administered to assess the demographic data and the possible risks factors that might be associated with the viral infections. The blood samples collected were screened for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen using DetermineTM HBsAg kit, The positive HBsAg samples were confirmed using HBV ELISA kit and further tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc using HBV multi-5 test kit. Screening for both IgG and IgM antibodies to HPVB19 was performed on 266 of the blood samples using Parvovirus B19 ELISA Kit. A prevalence of 15.7% (66/421) was obtained for HBV. The age group 46-54 years had the highest prevalence (22.2%: 2/9) while those aged 25-31 and 32-39 years had the least (14.3%). The relationship between history of scarification andsharing sharp objects were statistically significant risk factors for HBV infection(P=0.021; 0.015). Other studied demographic parameters were not statistically associated with Hepatitis B infection (P>0.05). For HPVB19, prevalence was 72.2% (192/266) and 63.5% (169/266) for IgM and IgG antibodies respectively. There was an association between having multiple sex partners and presence of IgG antibodies to HPVB19 (P=0.04). Prevalence of 15.7% for HBV infection among blood donors in Jigawa State is very high compared to other states in Nigeria, which emphasizes the need for the Government and other relevant agencies to conduct HBV vaccination in the study area. There is also need for enforcement of HPVB19 awareness campaign programs in the study area.
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A DISSERTATION TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTERS DEGREE IN MICROBIOLOGY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA
Keywords
SEROPREVALENCE,, HEPATITIS B VIRUS, PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTIONS,, AMONG BLOOD DONORS,, SELECTED HOSPITALS,, JIGAWA STATE,