STUDIES OF SOME PHYTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOTOXIC PRINCIPLES OF LEAVES AND SEEDS EXTRACTS O F Crotalaria retusa L.
STUDIES OF SOME PHYTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOTOXIC PRINCIPLES OF LEAVES AND SEEDS EXTRACTS O F Crotalaria retusa L.
| dc.contributor.author | AMAKO, NGIZI FRANCESCA | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2014-02-04T12:27:34Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2014-02-04T12:27:34Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 1999-05 | |
| dc.description | A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUA'I E SCHOOL, AHMADU BEELO UNIVERSITY, ZAR1A IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE ORGANIC CHIEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA MAY. 1999 | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | The leases and seeds of Nigerian Crotalaria retusa L. were extracted using different solvents 95% Ethanol was found to extract the largest amount of materials Specific methods of isolation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (past) showed that the seeds have higher alkaloidal content than the leaves. Qualitative chemical tests for various classes of natural products were carried out on ethanolic as well as water extracts of leaves and seeds using standard phylochemical methods These tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and saponins in ethanolic leaves and seeds extracts Water extracts of seeds and leaves were devoid of alkaloids. Specific chemical analytical test for past was carried out on fresh plant parts (seeds, leaves, flowers, roots) The seeds, leaves and flowers of C. relusa contain past and PA-N-oxides. Flowers are particularly rich in these alkaloids The roots are devoid of past but have PA-N-oxide, which is apparently reported for the first time The crude mixture of past extracted from leaves was purified by crystallization and cleaning-up methods However the crystallization method produced a purer component than cleaning-up method. The active extracts were categorised into two broad groups for thin-layer chromatography (TLC), based on the nature of the extracts and suitable solvent systems employed. The TLC of ethanolic leaves extract, CAPL1 and ethanolic seeds extract, CAPS1 when viewed under ultraviolet light (366nm) and visible light (254nm) each viii produced four spots CAPL1 Rf values (0.32, 0.53, 0.66 and 0.90) while CAPS1 RF values (0.1 I. 0.25, 0.32 and 0.49). The trichloromethane leaves extract, CAPL2. produced five spots whose RF. values arc 0.20, 0.71, 0.86, 0.93 and 0.96, when the same solvent system was used. The TLC of the crude mixture of past from leaves CAPL, and seeds CAPS, as well as cleaned-up sample of past. CCAPL1, and crystals from crude mixture of past. CCAPL3 were carried out using three different solvent systems The RF values of the components of these samples varied slightly with the solvent systems uses and compared with the RF values from literature. When chromatograms containing the aforementioned samples were sprayed with visualizing reagents they revealed the present of past and PA-N-oxides. Preparative TLC was used to isolate components of CAPL1 and CAPL2, three fractions and four fractions were obtained respectively The chromatograms containing these fractions gave positive response for phenolic compounds, steroid glycosides and flavonoids when sprayed with visualizing reagents The fractions obtained from CAPL1 and CAPL2 were available in very small quantities hence they were not used for spectroscopic studies. The leaves and seeds extracts obtained using different solvents were tested for presence or absence of active principles using Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay. The LC50 values of the extracts, which are reported in this work for the first time, confirmed the toxicity of C. retusa. It also revealed that the most active principle responsible for the cytotoxicity of C. retusa are PAs. The antimicrobial screening test of the extracts showed that crude mixtures past, CAPL and CAPS as well as cleaned-up sample and crystals from CAPL. have significant antifungal anf antibacterial activities against Candidas albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However the trichloromethane leaves extract exhibited selective inhibitory properties against some gram negative organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The spectroscopic techniques such as Infrared and Ultraviolet-visible were used to identify the functional groups present in the active extracts. These studies revealed the presence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in CAPL.CAPS. CCAPL3. and CAPL2 samples. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy particularly showed the presence of conjugated systems in CAPL2. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed the presence of past in CAPL. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/216 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.subject | STUDIES, | en_US |
| dc.subject | PHYTOCHEMICAL | en_US |
| dc.subject | CYTOTOXIC, | en_US |
| dc.subject | PRINCIPLES | en_US |
| dc.subject | LEAVES, | en_US |
| dc.subject | SEEDS, | en_US |
| dc.subject | EXTRACTS, | en_US |
| dc.subject | Crotalaria, | en_US |
| dc.subject | retusa L. | en_US |
| dc.title | STUDIES OF SOME PHYTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOTOXIC PRINCIPLES OF LEAVES AND SEEDS EXTRACTS O F Crotalaria retusa L. | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |